Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

MAY 1 • 421miles north of Nairobi, and threatened to revive the Mau Mau terrorto remove President Arap Moi from power. However, at the Naivashameeting of the fighters’ association on 5 September 1998, otherformer Mau Mau members demanded that KEMA leave the oppositionand join with President Moi’s ruling Kenyan African NationalUnity party.MAXIMILIANO HERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ ANTI-COMMUNISTBRIGADE. This was a quasi-state-sponsored group aimed at repressingleftists and even moderates who opposed the interests of the landowningoligarchy in El Salvador. Named for the Salvadoran militarydictator who suppressed the Matanza peasant uprising of 1932, thisgroup was one of several Salvadoran right-wing death squads thatgenerally grew out of the “special units” maintained by Salvadoran securityforces during the 1970s and that were used to kill off suspected“subversives.” Many of the leaders and members of such groups werethemselves members of the Salvadoran military and police, eventhough such groups ceased to have legal status following the dissolutionof the ORDEN paramilitary security force in the month afterthe coup of 15 October 1979. The major moving force behind theMaximiliano Hernández group was Roberto D’Aubuisson, formerly anofficer of the Salvadoran intelligence agency, who founded the WhiteWarriors’ Union death squad in 1976 and who later founded the RepublicanNational Alliance (ARENA) party.The Maximiliano Hernández Martínez group is believed responsiblefor the 24 March 1980 assassination of Archbishop OscarArnulfo Romero y Galdamez, an outspoken critic of the Salvadorangovernment. On 27 November 1980, the group kidnapped EnriqueÁlvarez, head of the leftist Frente Democrático Revolucionário(FDR, or Democratic Revolutionary Front), and four other leftistleaders, all of whom were tortured and killed. From September toOctober 1983, the group killed the highest-ranking FDR officialresiding in San Salvador, 18 trade unionists, and a few professors,and bombed the Jesuit residence at the Central American University.This group is also believed responsible for the killings and repressionof many other less prominent leftists, centrists, human rights activists,religious activists, academics, and trade unionists.MAY 1. The Revolutionary Organization of May 1 was a nonstate Greekleftist group that engaged in terrorism for the limited purposes of op-