Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

ANARCHISTIC LEFTIST TERRORISTS • 21injuring 25 others. In March 1975 they attempted to kill the ChiefJustice of India in a grenade attack. On 4 July 1975 the group wasbanned under the Indian government’s declared state of emergency.Although the ban was lifted in 1977, the group carried out a seriesof bombings against Indian government targets in Australia. On 15September 1977, an Australian Ananda Margist stabbed the Indianmilitary attaché in Melbourne, and on 19 October 1977 anotherstabbing attempt was made in Melbourne against an Air India official.In February 1978 they bombed a conference of the Asian andPacific Commonwealth heads of government being held at the SydneyHilton Hotel, killing two people. American members of the sectwere involved in an assault against an Indian embassy official in thePhilippines on 25 March 1978 and were implicated, along with twoAustralians, in a plot to bomb the Indian embassy in Thailand on 21April 1978.After the conviction of Sarkar was overturned on appeal on 4 July1978, his followers, numbering around 1,000, largely ceased terroristactivities. During his world tour in 1979 to visit gatherings of hisdisciples, Sarkar was denied entry to the United States due to AnandaMarg’s terrorist record. Since Sarkar’s death in 1990, Ananda Marghas continued to operate openly in India, principally in the West Bengalregion. On 11 March 2004 the Indian Supreme Court upheld a1987 ban by the Calcutta High Court in West Bengal against the cultperforming a ritual dance in public involving the display of daggers,human skulls, and snakes as “repulsive to public taste and morality”and as “bound to cause fear in the mind of the people.”ANARCHISTIC LEFTIST TERRORISTS. Also known as FightingCommunist Organizations (FCOs). During the late 1960s the antiwarprotest movement among university students in Europe, Japan, andthe United States gave rise to several terrorist groups that defy readyidentification as revolutionary or entrepreneurial terrorist groups.The Red Army Faction in West Germany, Direct Action groupin France, the Red Brigades and Prima Linea in Italy, the CommunistCombatant Cells in Belgium, the Weather Undergroundand Symbionese Liberation Army in the United States, and theJapanese Red Army all rationalized their terrorism in revolutionaryleftist terms but ultimately appeared to pursue terrorist violenceas an end in itself rather than as a strategy to achieve revolution.