The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

14 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES AND THE ESDPTable I.3. European security institutional relationships of the Nordic countriesDenmark Finland Iceland Norway SwedenEuropean defenceStatus in the Western European Union Observer Observer Associate member Associate member ObserverVolunteered forces for the Dec. 1999 Helsinki No Yes No Yes YesEuropean Council Headline Goal for crisismanagement operations (as of Nov. 2004)Contributing to EU battle groups (as of Nov. 2004) No Yes No Yes YesParticipation in ESDP missionsEU Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes(EUPM), Jan. 2003–EU Military Operation in the FYROM (EUFOR No Yes Yes Yes YesConcordia), Mar.–Dec. 2003EU Military Operation in the Democratic No No No No YesRepublic of the Congo (Operation Artemis),June–Sep. 2003EU Police Mission in the FYROM (EUPOL Yes Yes No Yes YesProxima), Dec. 2003–EU Rule of Law Mission to Georgia (EUJUST Yes No No No YesThemis), July 2004–EU Military Operation in Bosnia and No Yes No Yes YesHerzegovina (EUFOR Althea), Dec. 2004–European Union Police Mission in Kinshasa No No No No Yes(EUPOL Kinshasa), Apr. 2005–EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq No No No No No(EUJUST Lex), July 2005–