The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

INDEX 413Kosovo and 45Left Socialist Party 105Maastricht Treaty and 11, 37, 38, 43, 95, 96,105military expenditure 41, 107, 108military offsets 173–74NATO and 3, 4, 39, 42, 51, 53, 56, 74, 81,108, 255, 265Navy 46, 47neutrality 255NPT and 261, 263–64nuclear energy 256nuclear equipment banned 234nuclear weapons and 4, 81, 253, 257–58,258–59, 265peacekeeping 44, 98Poland and 44police 277political elite 97political parties 96, 103Progress Party 105Prussian war (1864) 40, 49public opinion 37, 52, 65, 96, 97, 100,103–106, 107Red–Green Alliance 103, 105Russia and 44Schleswig 40security:civil–military separation 311homeland 293, 294internal 314, 318policy 40–47, 52, 52, 57as producer of 43–47strengthening of 43territorial defence 318as small country 44, 96, 180Social Democratic Party 38, 42, 43, 44, 100,105Social-Liberal Party 42, 43, 45, 100, 105,107Socialist People’s Party 39, 100, 105Stand-by High Readiness Brigade forUnited Nations Operations (SHIRBRIG)45, 137surveys on defence 316Sweden and 48–49UN and 205, 264, 391USA and 48, 97, 169, 206–207, 258–59,264USSR and 40–41, 42Venstre party 100voter participation 103WEU and 38, 68WMD and 264World War II and 40Deutsch, Karl 286Devold, Kristin Krohn 312, 327Dwan, Renata 218, 267EADS 172, 183, 186ECOWAS (Economic Community of WestAfrican States) 248ECOWAS Moratorium on the Importation,Exportation and Manufacture of LightWeapons (1998) 240, 247, 248EDA (European Defence Agency):arms production, consolidation of 188Baltic states and 380–81establishment of 56, 129, 134–35, 181functions 129–30, 182role 129, 181–82, 186–87tasks 129WEAG and 182Egeland, Jan 232Eliasson, Jan 229Ellemann-Jensen, Uffe 43, 44Eritrea 45ESDP (European Security and DefencePolicy):Action Plan for Civilian Aspects (2004)218, 220Africa and 384aims of 1alternative frameworks 150–66ambiguity 288battle groups 65, 73, 93, 119, 135–37, 138,139, 146, 205, 305, 312, 382beginnings of 11–12Berlin Plus arrangements 29, 55, 127, 128,133, 207capability targets 119, 120, 125, 126–30,139, 141–49crisis management 85, 86, 87, 88, 90–91,93, 217–20:civilian element 209–10, 217–20, 233military element 209–10see also under EU (European Union)EU constitution and 56, 59–65as EU policy 16flexible cooperation 60, 61frameworks for defence cooperation 150–66fusion perspective and 83–88immigration and 361key member states controlling 120