The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

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418 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES AND THE ESDPFreivalds, Laila 203, 205, 206, 261FYROM see Macedonia, Former YugoslavRepublic ofG8 (Group of Eight):Evian Summit 264Gleneagles Summit 261Global Partnership against the Spread ofWeapons and Materials of MassDestruction 260, 261, 262, 263, 264Sea Island Summit 264Gade, Søren 37Gardberg, Anders 352–53Genscher, Hans-Dietrich 44Georgia 219, 242, 249:EU and 219Germany:arms exports 175, 190–91Berlin Wall, fall of 43, 67, 69, 156Civilian Headline Goal 210Empire 40ESDP and 60EU battle group 384Framework Agreement 176Middle East and 226NATO and 41Russia and 359USA and 360USSR and 362globalization 217Goldmann, Kjell 204Greece 333, 354Greek islands 354Green Cross 261–62Greene, Owen 240Greenland 47–48, 256, 259:Thule Air Base 47USA and 47Gripen aircraft 176, 179Guatemala 249Guinea-Bissau 248Haarde, Geir 347Hägglunds 177, 285Halvorsen, Kristen 244Hammarskjöld, 229Hammarström, Ulf 310Hannikainen, Lauri 350–51Hansen, Lene 95Heinebäck, Bo 229Helgesen, Vidar 232Hellenic Aircraft Industry 183Helsinki Commission 357Helsinki Final Act (1975) 121:negotiations 234Helsinki Headline Goal (1999) 22, 55, 119,120, 130, 308, 333:defined 126ECAP and 128elaboration of 131, 132Headline Goal 2010 134–35:aims 134, 136battle groups 135, 381follow-on forces 136planning 136Sweden and 146, 147Heurlin, Bertel 45Hill, Fiona 370Holkeri, Harri 230–31Holst, Johan Jørgen 232human rights violations 217Hungary 176IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)256IANSA (International Action Network onSmall Arms) 249, 250Iceland:Afghanistan and 335, 337, 338–40armaments industry, lack of 330armed forces 328, 331, 337, 338Atlanticism 81, 332basic facts about 6:military 10Bosnia and Herzegovina and 335CFSP and 9, 328crime and 330EEA and 328, 329, 330, 346energy self-sufficiency 330ESDP and 13, 81, 331–34, 341, 346EU and 77, 207, 212, 301fn.EU and:attitudes to 347joining 328, 330, 348peace missions and 334, 335–36Europe and 328, 329:security institutions and 13–15fishing industry 329, 346foreign policy 329geography 330globalization 330Helsinki decisions and 333, 334
INDEX 419Iceland Defense Force 328, 341, 343Icelandic Critical Response Unit (ICRU)334–40immigration policy 330Independence Party 329, 342, 346, 348International Aid Agency 338Iraq and 336Kabul International Airport and 335, 337,338–40Kosovo and 335, 336, 337Left-Green Movement 337national identity 329, 330NATO and 3, 13, 17, 81, 328, 332, 335,336, 337, 344–45, 347opinion polls 330OSCE and 335peacekeeping force 334–40pollution 330Pristina Airport 335, 336, 337, 338Progressive Party 347, 348Schengen arrangements and 9, 328, 346security:guarantees 348seen in military terms 346, 348small arms and light weapons control245–46, 250as small state 330Social Democratic Alliance 337–38, 347Sri Lanka and 335terrorism and 330UN and 335, 336USA and 16, 328–29, 336, 346, 347:air defence capacity 342Defense Agreement (1951) 328, 342, 344,347, 348military base 328, 329, 336–37, 338,341–42, 343, 344, 345, 348WEU and 331, 332–33Icelandic Church Aid 338Ignalina International DecommissioningSupport Fund 264Independent European Armaments Group(IEPG) 182, 331Indonesia 230Institute for Security Studies in South Afica249Iraq:Coalition Provisional Authority 97‘coalitions of the willing’ 159, 347, 368peace missions in 336USA and 67, 74, 97:Europe, tension over 345war in 21, 45, 74, 97, 133, 139, 154, 258,267, 295, 338, 345Iraq–Iran War (1980–88) 229Ireland 230, 231, 245:ESDP and 61–62EU, joins 69non-alignment 69Irish Republican Army (IRA) 230Israel:EU and 224–25, 226, 227, 232Palestine and 225West Bank barrier 224Italy:Framework Agreement (2000) 176Petersberg Tasks and 132Jagland, Thorbjørn 207Jarring, Gunnar 229JAS-39 Gripen aircraft 176Jervis, Robert 270Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) aircraft project 178,179, 187Jørgensen, Knud Erik 209Juul, Mona 232Kaldor, Mary 216Kaliningrad 79, 389Karl XIV Johan, King 228Kekkonen, Urho 230Kenya 249Knutsen, Bjørn 161Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace 171Kosovo:EU and 218KFOR 9, 93, 335NATO and 335peace-building in 218, 230, 231Pristina Airport 335, 337UN Development Fund for Women 335Kuchma, President Leonid 224Laitinen, Kari 321Landmines, International Campaign to Ban249Latvia:Baltic roots 379economy 361EDA and 381ESDP and 378, 379, 380, 382, 384EU and 379EU battle group 384Iraq, forces in 382
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THE NORDICCOUNTRIES ANDTHE EUROPEAN
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Alyson J. K. Bailes (United Kingdom
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The Nordic Countries andthe Europea
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The Nordic Countries andthe Europea
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ContentsPrefacexiiAbbreviations and
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CONTENTSII. The European security c
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CONTENTSII. The small arms and ligh
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CONTENTSII. Iceland and the emergen
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PREFACEThe conference on the Nordic
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2 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES AND THE ESDP
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10 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES AND THE ESD
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Editor’s remarksGunilla HerolfPar
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EDITOR’S REMARKS 31which the vari
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EDITOR’S REMARKS 33mark as well s
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EDITOR’S REMARKS 35The Europeaniz
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1. Denmark and the European Securit
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DENMARK AND THE ESDP 39European def
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DENMARK AND THE ESDP 41safely leave
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DENMARK AND THE ESDP 43motions to t
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DENMARK AND THE ESDP 45effective
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DENMARK AND THE ESDP 47connected an
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52 INSTITUTIONAL AND NATIONAL POLIT
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100 INSTITUTIONAL AND NATIONAL POLI
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Part IINational defence and Europea
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114 THE BROADER DIMENSIONS OF SECUR
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6. The impact of EU capability targ
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CAPABILITY TARGETS AND OPERATIONAL
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7. The impact of EU capability targ
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THE CASE OF SWEDEN 143Government ha
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THE CASE OF SWEDEN 145immediate reg
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THE CASE OF SWEDEN 147SAF Headquart
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THE CASE OF SWEDEN 149the navy will
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‘NOT ONLY, BUT ALSO NORDIC’ 151
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9. Hardware politics, ‘hard polit
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HARDWARE POLITICS 169Sweden’s sec
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HARDWARE POLITICS 171the exploitati
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HARDWARE POLITICS 173share of Finla
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HARDWARE POLITICS 175and procuremen
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HARDWARE POLITICS 177of internation
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HARDWARE POLITICS 179reluctant to a
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HARDWARE POLITICS 181EU ambitions a
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HARDWARE POLITICS 183Nordic armamen
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10. The Nordic attitude to and role
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DEFENCE INDUSTRIAL COLLABORATION 18
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Part IIINordic handling of the broa
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13. The Nordic countries and conven
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14. Nordic nuclear non-proliferatio
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16. Muddling through: how the EU is
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Editor’s remarksAlyson J. K. Bail
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302 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES, THEIR REG
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20. Iceland and the European Securi
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22. The Baltic states and security
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23. Baltic perspectives on the Euro
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Page 386 and 387: 368 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES, THEIR REG
Page 411 and 412: AppendixExtracts from the Treaty Es
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Page 421 and 422: EU CONSTITUTIONAL TREATY 403enhance
Page 423 and 424: ABOUT THE AUTHORS 405ning, Det 21.
Page 425 and 426: ABOUT THE AUTHORS 407Karlis Neretni
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Page 429 and 430: INDEX 411Atlanticism 364banking 357
Page 431 and 432: INDEX 413Kosovo and 45Left Socialis
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Page 445: INDEX 427Vienna Documents 236Viking
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