The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

INDEX 423NPT (Non-Proliferation Treaty, 1968) 259:Nuclear Weapon States’ obligations 259,261, 262Review Conferences 260, 261, 262nuclear energy 255–56nuclear weapon-free zones 235, 258, 259Oddsson, Davi 342, 343, 347Olsen, Gorm Rye 37, 46Open Skies Treaty 236Operation Moufflon 249operations, military:Allied Force 132Allied Harmony 132Desert Storm 131operations, peace:Althea 133, 138–39, 147, 148, 211Artemis 20–21, 71–72, 133, 137, 139,211–12, 273Concordia 133, 211Organisation Conjointe de Coopération enmatière d’Armament (OCCAR) 182Orion maritime patrol aircraft 343OSCE (Organization for Security andCo-operation in Europe):Baltic states and Russian-speakingminorities 371–72EU and 211FYROM and 73Nagorno-Karabakh 229Nordic countries and 248–49Oslo Meetings on Small Arms and LightWeapons 246–47Otte, Marc 224Oxfam 250Palestine 225, 226, 232Palme, Olof 228, 229Paris Treaty (1856) 349, 351Patria 171, 172Patria Hägglunds 172Pedersen, Thomas 95Persson, Göran 89, 92, 262, 276Petersberg Tasks:ambiguity of 131, 132, 135Amsterdam Treaty and 209, 307capability targets and 126limitations accepted 134planning and 131–38Swedish support for 109, 307updating 60upper limits 132Petersen, Jan 263Petersen, Nikolaj 46Pilegaard, Jess 37, 46Poland:Baltic states and 362, 379, 382, 384Denmark and 44Program for Coordination and Assistance onSecurity and Development (PCASED) 248Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) 260,261, 265Prussia 40, 49Putin, President Vladimir 373, 385–86Ramaphosa, Cyril 230RAND Corporation 387–88Rasmussen, Anders Fogh 39, 96–97Raufoss 171Red Cross 338, 340refugees 216, 217regional organizations 225Rehn, Elisabeth 231Rice, Condolleeza 342Rieker, P. 72, 90Riste, Olav 231Robertson, Lord 343Rød-Larsen, Terje 232Rome Treaty (1957) 184Rosas, Allan 350Rumsfeld, Donald 342Russia:armed forces 373–74, 375citizens abroad 376 see also Russianspeakingminorities under Estonia; Latvia;Lithuaniademocracy in 374, 385, 386, 390, 391economic reform 369economy 375energy policy politics 369, 370foreign policy 385imperial ambitions 374–76instability and 79investment in 369Kaliningrad 79, 389Kola Peninsula 262Leningrad military district 375, 376military expenditure 375NATO and 376nuclear safety, assistance with 262–63nuclear weapons 259, 376oil exports 370strengths of 375–76weakness 5fn., 156