The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

attle group 154, 181Central Union of Agricultural Producers andForest Owners 102Centre Party 62, 103CFSP and 58Christian Democrat Party 102cold war position 52conscription 4, 317, 318, 319, 321, 322crisis management and 89–94, 215, 218, 219defence self-reliance 20Defence White Paper (2001) 58,Defence White Paper (2004) 74, 317, 319,320, 375EC application 67, 69ESDP and 12, 16, 19, 24, 61–62, 65–66, 79,212–13:compound fusion 93–94domestic factors 80–81, 81–83, 89–94,108, 306military crisis management 209–10performance case 89–91political parties 83security guarantees 320will to defend and 320–22ESS and 311EU and 49, 52, 69:battle group 93, 154, 181, 311, 384integration 306joining 99–100, 306, 351peace-building 202, 203, 211, 213security policy 308–309EU constitution and 61EU defence policy and 57–59EU–NATO and 52–53, 59, 63euro adopted 71Euro-scepticism 16, 108European integration and 52European security institutions and 13–15G8 Global Partnership 264Green League 102independence 349Left Alliance 102mediation 228, 230military non-alignment 8, 52National Coalition party 62, 102NATO and 8, 13, 16, 17, 49, 52, 63, 69–70,75, 89, 90, 94, 184, 255, 351, 352neutrality 3, 8, 52, 68, 70–71, 99, 107, 108,228, 230, 255, 306, 307non-alignment 62, 70–71, 80–81, 89–94,204–205, 228, 230, 255, 321Northern Dimension initiative (1997) 210INDEX 417NPT and 261, 263nuclear energy 256nuclear safety and 264nuclear weapons and 253, 257, 259–60, 265,266peace enforcement and 71Petersberg Tasks and 157Partnership for Peace and 8police 275political parties 103public debate 62public opinion 63, 70, 75, 101–102, 103,104, 106–107Rural Party 102Russia and 235, 319, 352, 357security:comprehensive 311internal 94, 313–14policy 53, 275–76will and 320–22Social Democratic Party 102‘solidarity’ commitment 23surveys on defence 316territorial defence 71, 235, 311, 319, 321,322terrorism and 275–76True Finns party 102UN and 91, 206, 248USSR and 4, 49, 52, 68, 71, 80, 169, 235:Treaty of Friendship with 3, 68, 255voter participation 103WEAG and 182Western identity 306WEU and 8–9WMD and 264see also ÅlandFramework Agreement on a MultilateralNuclear Environmental Programme in theRussian Federation (2003) 263Framework Agreement on the restructuring ofthe European defence industry (2000) 176,180, 182, 183, 192France:Congo (DRC) and 71, 72ESDP and 60, 120Framework Agreement 176Middle East and 226, 227nuclear testing 259nuclear weapons 25, 259Petersberg Tasks and 131St Malo process 120, 288UK and 56