The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy

422 THE NORDIC COUNTRIES AND THE ESDPsecurity:civil–military cooperation 313‘comprehensive’ 274, 301–302, 313differences between 301–14external–internal interface 267–87institutional relationships 14–15, 17–19territorial defence 313security community 390similarities 4small arms and light weapons, control of238, 244–50as small countries 51, 65, 67, 72, 73, 75, 78,152, 208surveys on defence 316–17territorial defence 318–19terrorism and 21, 94, 156, 273–78, 318threats to 318–19UN and 4, 21, 78, 107, 158, 199, 248, 249USA and 16, 17, 169, 177, 329:terrorist attack and 273–75, 278–82USSR and 5, 16, 41weapons of mass destruction and 260Nordic Passport Union 9North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)7, 69North–South relations 205Northern Dimension EnvironmentalPartnership Support Fund 261Northern Ireland 230, 231Norway:aid from 248armaments industries 171armed forces reform 308, 317arms exports 168, 175arms imports 167, 168, 175, 191, 192Atlanticism 53, 68, 231basic facts about 6:military 10battle group 181, 327Centre Party 101, 326CFE Treaty and 235CFSP and 9, 207, 305–306, 325Christian Democratic Party 101conscription 4, 317, 322EEA and 325, 326ESDP and 13, 16, 53–54, 65, 66, 81, 161,207, 306, 308, 325, 326–27:domestic factors 81ESS and 312EU and 9, 49, 65, 77:associated member 301attitude to 324–25domestic divisiveness 323, 327joining 99, 323, 324, 326peace-building 202, 212policy making 207referendums on 53, 72, 75, 324security and 57, 308, 312, 323–27support for 207EU battle groups and 312, 323EU–NATO and 53–54, 56, 57Eurofighter Typhoon project 179European security institutions and 13–15,160–61flank status 235foreign forces banned 4, 234foreign policy 231, 233G8 Global Partnership 263geography 53–54, 68, 231IEPG and 182JSF project and 179Labour Party 323, 326mediation 228, 231–33NATO and 3, 4, 13, 17, 53, 74, 81, 207,228, 231Netherlands and 248neutrality 231NPT and 261nuclear energy 256nuclear weapons and 4, 234, 253, 257–58,262–63, 265opinion polls 17peacekeeping 231–32police 277–78political parties 100–101public opinion 66, 100, 102Russia and 235, 262–63St Malo process and 308Schengen programme and 9security:convergences 301–14internal 313, 318territorial defence 318security policy, civil–military separation311small arms and light weapons, control of245–46, 247, 250Socialist Left Party 100–101, 244, 326surveys on defence 316Svalbard and 353–54terrorism and 277–78UN and 17, 248, 327USA and 248Venstre party 101