The-papacy-its-history-dogmas-genius-and-prospects-wylie

RISE OF TRANSUBSTANTIATION. 309circumstancethe service that followed was called " mass/'*It required several centuries to give to the rite its presentform. Transubstantiation was broached as early as theninth century, but it was not formally established till theCouncil of Lateran, 1215, under thepontificate of InnocentIII. ;-f*nor was it till three centuries later that the Councilof Trent decreed it to be a true propitiatory sacrifice. Itis on the dogma of transubstantiation that the whole of themass is founded. The Council of Trent thus defines transubstantiation:^—" If any one shall deny, that in the sacramentof the most holy Eucharist there are contained truly,really, and substantially, the body and the blood, togetherwith the soul and divinity, of our Lord Jesus Christ, andtherefore whole Christ, and shall say that he is in it onlyby sign, or figure, or influence, let him be accursed.":— Stillmore explicit are the terms of the next canon " If anyone shall say, that in the sacrament of the most holyEucharistthere remains the substance of bread and winealong with the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ,and shall deny the wonderful and singular conversion of thewhole of the substance of the bread into the body, and thewhole of the substance of the wine into the blood, there remainingonly the appearances of bread and wine, whichconversion the Catholic Church most appropriately callstransubstantiation, let him be accursed." Rome is carefulto mark the complete and thorough character of thechange effected by the consecrating words of the priest.There is no mixing of the bread and the wine with thebody and the blood of Christ. The substance of the breadand the wine is annihilated ; and the very body and bloodof Christ,— " that very body," Rome is careful to state," which was born of the Virgin, and which now sits at the* Cotter on the Mass and Rubrics, pp. 12, 13 ; Dublin, 1845.+ Mosheim, cent. xiii. part ii. chap. iii. sec. ii.± Concil. Trid. sess. Kiii. can. i.