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DISORDERS OF THE PAPAL SEE.Go<strong>The</strong> palaces of the worst emperors, the groves of pagan worship,saw nothing so foul as the orgies of the Vatican.ISIensat in the chair of Peter, whose consciences were loaded withperjuries <strong>and</strong> adulteries, <strong>and</strong> whose h<strong>and</strong>s were stained withmurders ; <strong>and</strong> claimed, as the vicars of Christ, a right togovern the Church <strong>and</strong> the world. <strong>The</strong> intrigues, the fraud,the violence, that now raged at Rome, may be conceived offrom the fact, that from the death of Benedict IV., a.d. 903,to the elevation of John XII., A.D. 956,—an interval of onlyfifty-three years,—not fewer than thirteen popes held successivelythe pontificate. <strong>The</strong> attempt were vain to pursuethese fleeting pontifical phantoms. <strong>The</strong>ir brief but flagitiouscareer was ended most commonly by the lingering horrorsof the dungeon, or the quick despatch of the poignard.It isenough to mention the names of a John the Twelfth, aBoniface the Seventh, a John the Twenty-third, a Sixtus theFoui'th, an Alex<strong>and</strong>er the Sixth (Borgia), a Julius the Second.<strong>The</strong>se names st<strong>and</strong> associated with crimes of enormous magnitude.This list by no means exhausts the goodly b<strong>and</strong> ofpontifical villains.Simony, the good-will of a prostitute, orthe dagger of an assassin, opened their way to the pontificalthrone; <strong>and</strong> the use they made of their power formed a worthysequel to the infamous means by which they had obtained it.In the chair of Peter, the pontiffs of this <strong>and</strong> succeeding erasrevelled in impiety, perjury, lewdness, sacrilege, sorcery, robbery,<strong>and</strong> blood ; thus converting the palace of the apostle intoan unfathomable sink of abomination <strong>and</strong> filth. " A mass ofmoral impurity," says Edgar, " might be collected from theRoman hierarchy, sufficient to crowd the pages of folios,<strong>and</strong> glut all the demons of pollution <strong>and</strong> malevolence." <strong>The</strong>age, too, was sc<strong>and</strong>alized by frequent<strong>and</strong> flagrant schisms.<strong>The</strong>se divided the nations of Christendom, engendered sanguinarywars, <strong>and</strong> unhinged society <strong>its</strong>elf. For half a centuryrival pontifical thrones stood at Rome <strong>and</strong> Avignon ;<strong>and</strong> Europe wo,s doomed daily to listen to the dreadful volliesof spiritual thunder which the rival infallibilities. Urban<strong>and</strong> Clement, ever <strong>and</strong> anon launched at one another, <strong>and</strong>F

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