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814 NOTES.of judgment. In (he word Bhraith, Bh is pronounced F, andZA final is quiescent. This is another incontroyertible instancethat the Druids liad judicial circles, as well as religious ones.In the parish of Closcburn, on a farm named the Cairn, withinmy recollection, there existed the Cairn on the top of the hill tothe west of the farm steading. A few of the temple stones remainedimmediately behind the dwelling-house. The AuldGirth is situated at the eastern extremity of the farm, and giresname to a small bridge there, as well as to a farm in the Yicinity.The new Girth, or judicial circle, stood on the north side of thehill, on which the Cairn is situated, and near a small streamnamed Clacharie, or Clachawrie Burn. It is easy here to tracethe affinity of this word to the before-mentioned Tom.na-vrie.It is Clacha^vrie, with the Saxon iv substituted for the GaelicIk, equivalent to v, conformable to the dialect of that district.The word is Clacha Bhraith (the same with Dr. Smith's C/achaBreath) pronounced Clacha vray or wray^ and signifies the stonesof judgment. Whoever wishes to see a Druidical judicial circle,will have his curiosity gratified at Bower-tree Bush, about midwnyfrom Stonehaven to Aberdeen. The temple first catches theeye, of which only four erect stones remain; but the judicialcircle, situated about two hundred yards west of it, and dividedinto three septs, is as complete as that day it was erected.I hope enough has been advanced to convince every unprejudicedman that the distinction betwixt the religious and judicialcircles of the Druids is well founded. There are another kindof edifices which appear to combine inone both the temple andthe judicial circle, of which kind is Stonehenge, but I shall reservemy remarks till I have occasion to treat of this remarkablestructure.iût Pinkarton has a mason, and a most imperious one too,for denying the existence of Dru'dical temples. Cx'sar (lib. 6.cap. 21.) givf s us an epitome of the Gorman or Gothic religion,âm netjue Druides habent qui divinis rebus prcrsint, ncque s atrificiis student—], e. " for they neither have priests (Druids)"Who preside over divine things, iipr do they offer sacrifices at
—NOTES.:^1.5ail. To such a people temples were totally useless. Tacitus,ill his admirable treatise, l)e Moribus Cennanorum, has given afew instances of sacred groves and human sacrifices, but thesewere chiefly found among the Suevi^ who were descended of theSenoncs, The same author informs that the Marsigni ^mdi Buri{resembled the Suevi in their language and dress, and that theGoihini and Osi were not Germans, because the one spoke theGallic, and the other the Pannonian language. De Morib,Germ, cap, 13. Ad fine m.—CjEsar and Tacitus strictly agree,with this difterence, that Caisar treats of the customs of the Germans,in contradistinction to those of the Gauls, whilst Tacitustakes Germany m toto, and gives us an account, not only of thecustoms of the Germans, properly so called, but of the Celtictribes settled among them. 1 am, however, far from contendingthat the Germans in all instances kept themselves untainted withthe religion of the Druids, which was admirably calculated toimpose on the human mind. Druidisra, or the worship of Baa!,was the favourite sin of the jews, though they lived under a specialtheocracy, and had the light of divine revelation to directthem. Several of them, like the Ubii (on the testimony ofCaesar), might be Gallicis adsu§ti moribus— i. e. ''had couformedto the customs of the Gauls."But the most prominent feature in the character of the Ger«mans (who had neither temples nor sacrifices) is their publicmeetings, in which every one had a vote. As the Germans werecontiguous to, and intermixed with the Celts, they could not failto remark the use of their judicial circles, and imitate them inthis particular. Pinkarton has clearly established that in Scandinaviaand Iceland^ are found judicial circles, under the nameo( Dom- thing, nesLTly synonimous with the Gaelic Clacha Bhraith—i. e. " courts of justice." But this argument, instead of supportingMr. Pinkarton's theory, completely subverts it. Thatthe Celts were the praecursors of the Goths, he has clearly admitted; and that the Celts had temples, whilst the Goths hadnone, is equally clear from the testimony of Caesar.The sum ofthe matter is, that the Goths or Germans, who had no sacrifices,
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PREFACE.IliARLY imbued with a compe
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PREFACE. 5Ihtm retain stronger or f
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.ABSTRACTOP THELIFE OF JOHN TOLAND.
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^^LIFE OP TOLAND. 11have subscribed
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LIFE OF TOLAXD. 13'*fied US by liis
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LTPE OF TOLAND.Ins Apology) in as p
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 17lie had the advan
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LIFE OF TOLAND,there, uiiuo 1588; t
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 21as a second Golia
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 23'This same year,
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 25Mr. Toland's word
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Be that as itLIFE OF TOLAND. 27may,
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 29and another, for
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 31The same year, Co
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 33names of Bacchus,
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LIFE OF TOLANO. 35were not, however
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 37A bill having bee
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 39none are prevente
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 41IJtiU honesturn a
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 43liim to be a frie
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LIFE OF TOLAND.111 this treatise he
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—LIFE OF TOLAND. 47proved that Ki
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—LIFE OF TOLAND. 49any of Toland'
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THEFIRST JLETTEMiTO THERIGHT HONOUR
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OF THE DRUIDS.the antiquities of Ga
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OF THE DRUIDS. 55also in all tlie w
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OF THE DRUIDS. 57merely as being th
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or THE DRUIDS. 59tioii oil any man,
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OF THE DRUIDS. 61any other country
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OF THE DRUIDS. 63.spirit and in tru
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OF THE DRUIDS. 65having preserved i
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OF THE DRUIDS. 67cate; yet if she b
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OF THE DRUIDS. 09oitlier the one or
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;OF THE DRUIDS. 71where they are tl
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;;:OF THE DRUIDS. 73orders or degre
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OF THE DRUIDS. 75the modern Italian
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it.OF THE DRUIDS. 77Tliey made liyi
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OP THE DRUIDS. 79being oonceni'd in
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OF THE DRUIDS. 81lege of the Irish
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OF THE DRUIDS. 83O ! sanctas gentes
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OF THE DRUtDS. 85tifi'se, ^^bicli i
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this name.OF THE DRUIDS. 87The Celt
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'•'ÔF THE DRUIDS. 89others affec
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OF THE DRUIDS. 91by the Jews*, whic
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OF THE DRUIDS. f)3s^'emiine, beside
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OF THE DRUIDS. 95vince the world by
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OF THE DRUIDS. 97which, the most fa
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OF THE DRUIDS. 99of the superstitio
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OF THE DRUIDS.lOlone of the chief l
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OF THE DRUIDS. 103,stoutest man in
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'OF THE DRUIDS. 105the poetry and p
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OF THE DRUIDS. 107fables which the
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THESECOJWU LETTER,TO THERIGHT HONOU
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1OF THE DRUIDS. 11made of the first
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OF THE DRUIDS. 113doctrines and sup
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OF THE DRUIDS.11aprodigious fires o
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OF THE DRUIDS. 117monument of a nat
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OF THE DRUIDS. 119before the feast
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 121(by the way) pre
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iOF THE DRUIDS. 123.by Strabo, are
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 125(lie common name
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 127Then seeing Equa
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 129serving in the i
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OF THE DRUIDS. 131be men, transform
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;OF THE DRUIDS.I3f^the forts in que
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OF THE DRUIDS. 135ce.s) some more a
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:;OF THE DRUIDS. 137rudder in the m
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and victims were ty'd.OF THE DRUIDS
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of them.OF THE DRUIDS. 141Thus some
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:01^ THE DRUIDS. 143needs infer, th
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OF THE DRUIDS. 145Meineu'gui/r, whi
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est in allOF THE DRUIDS. 147Ireland
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Arabians, Greecs, or Romans ;OF THE
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OF THE DUtJlDS. 151chair, was thoug
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OF THE DRUIDS. 153bald, has discove
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of winter, or hiding placesOF THE D
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OF THE DRUIDS. 157of tlie lliad^, f
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OF THE DRUIDS. 159society (with who
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OP THE DRUIDS, 161says, that many o
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OF THE DRUIDS. 163cut out the form
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OF THE DRUIDS. ^ 165the inquirer. T
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168 THE HISTORYcome ill by way of o
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170 THE HISTORYI grudge telling her
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17STHE HISTORYinstance shall be tak
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174 THE HISTORYcame to Marseilles,
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176 THE HISTORYM'riters, where ther
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.178 THE HISTORYmoricaii Britain be
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180 'THE HISTORYbassadors of Rheims
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182 THE HISTORYwheras Albion was th
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184 THE HISTORYbe on the coast of S
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186 THE HISTORYthis iland," says he
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•With:188 THE HISTORYyour patienc
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190 THE HISTORYwards, who cou'd the
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1§2 THE HISTORYmakes its public ap
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i04Biitaiii/'THE HISTORYla the seco
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196 THE HISTORY,veniently for the P
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]f^8THE HISTORYI shoii'd not forget
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200 THE HISTORYor contentions: but
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202 THE HISTORYplan ill my second l
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204 THE HISTORYjiidg'd: showing it
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206 THE HISTORYles*, for which I ha
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208 THE HISTORYon the continent. An
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210 THE HISTORYof such travellers a
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212 THE HISTORYtlitioii of the inha
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1214 THE HISTORYwarm, and that no s
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216 THE HISTORYwhale; as no harbors
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,218 THE mSTORVformed a small track
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:;220 THE HISTORYlines of Horace* a
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ever cheerful,THE HISTORYand having
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224 THE HISTORYthing whereof no pri
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'126 THE HISTORYIX, To return whenc
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22^THE HISTORYSO farr abroad and to
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230 THE HISTORY ^V. What judges and
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23*2 THE HISTORYMR. JONES'S ANSWERS
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t2.34 THE HISTORYthat 3Ion was able
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;236 THE HISTORYa herald to record
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•238 THE HISTORYBardd) is also us
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•240 THE HISTORYins: on the lands
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242 THE HISTORYWales, and the third
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244 THE HISTORYsome proper names. A
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!246 THE HISTORYany such word: but
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248Alauda.Caterva.THE HISTORYMachin
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J¥OTESONTOLAND'S HISTORYOFCfje Bmi
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254 NOTES.fabulous accounts of the
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256 NOTES.pUcifi/ and social virtue
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—"258 NOTES.—no one but the pri
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260 NOTEI«l.Note XL—Page 6S,Thei
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262 NOTES.though there are many obs
Page 268 and 269: 264 NOTES.—It has often been obje
Page 270 and 271: 26(5 KOTES.had nihil sacraiius, i.
Page 272 and 273: 208 NOTES.In some points of inferio
Page 274 and 275: 270 NOTE.c.always regret, that a ma
Page 276 and 277: 572 KOTES.their power to consign th
Page 278 and 279: 274 NOTES.diseases. His account is
Page 280 and 281: 276 NOTES.Cocli dicant ; sa7nanquip
Page 282 and 283: 278 KOTES.Dr. Smith is, that Beal a
Page 284 and 285: ——-280 KOTES.Scotland, and sign
Page 286 and 287: 282 NOTES.Libanu5. Plin, lib, 5. ca
Page 288 and 289: 284 NOTES.iEneas, by the guidance o
Page 290 and 291: 2B6KOTE^'.brew, and Is the radix of
Page 292 and 293: —288 NOTES.of Grecian, but Celtic
Page 294 and 295: 290 NOTES.each have denonimated one
Page 296 and 297: 292 NOTES.die Umbro, as the Italian
Page 298 and 299: 294 KOTES.f. e. *' Then the father
Page 300 and 301: —^06KOTES.Celts, obelises, or ere
Page 302 and 303: ——.—29^NOTES.a Drtiid, lived
Page 304 and 305: ;300 NOTES.suam jestlniatlonem, et
Page 306 and 307: 502 KOTES.to their contemplative st
Page 308 and 309: 304 NOTES.crept into the language w
Page 310 and 311: —————306 NOTES.THE DRUIDI
Page 312 and 313: 308 NOTES.secuti, ant altiores inte
Page 314 and 315: •îONOTES.is the fate of things,
Page 316 and 317: 312 NOTES.diately surrounded the mo
Page 320 and 321: 316 NOTES.and, consequently, no use
Page 322 and 323: —316 NOTES.crime, more acceptable
Page 324 and 325: 320 NOTES.that cows usually take sh
Page 326 and 327: 522 N0TE5.multitiide kneeled down d
Page 328 and 329: !—324 NOTES.Ap]non accuses Closes
Page 330 and 331: 326 NOTES.county. Borlage, in his A
Page 332 and 333: 328 NOTES.(Lapkfugitivus) in the to
Page 334 and 335: 330 NOTES.so, how have we their hou
Page 336 and 337: 332 NOTES.In a similar case Mr. Pin
Page 338 and 339: —^MKOTES.when plerosque Belgas si
Page 340 and 341: 335 NOTES.very striking and olvious
Page 342 and 343: 338 NOTES.ti?e Vichatach signifies
Page 344 and 345: —540 NOTES.nis, (says he,) in Asi
Page 346 and 347: —342 NOTtS.Note LXVII.—Page 183
Page 348 and 349: ^44NOTES.signifies the Strong TVind
Page 350 and 351: I—346 NOTES.derivatlres from Bore
Page 352 and 353: a348 NOTES.abbreviated diminutive o
Page 354 and 355: 350 NOTES.and the arrival of Apollo
Page 356 and 357: 352 NOTES.Egyptians likewrse were t
Page 358 and 359: .154 NOTES.trifler may object that
Page 360 and 361: 356 NOTES*(for it is not even alleg
Page 362 and 363: 368 NOTES.the Italians, who appease
Page 364 and 365: —'——S60NOTES.conicis) says,
Page 366 and 367: S62NOTES.tioned by Caesar is Lisc7i
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364 NOTES.sublime a fliglit, as to
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DISSERTATIONOn the Antiquity of the
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368 NOTES.write a foreign language,
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570 NOTES.But, in another point of
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372 NOTES*any particular language o
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374 NOTES.Gallic students^ "i^ho re
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——376 NOTES.letters, he would c
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378 NOTES.Germans. 2.We have the si
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380 NOTES.the Suioncs, (De Morlb. G
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382 ÔTEs.-very same criterion woul
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———584 NOTES.matter, that the
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NOTES.S87liginal language of Asia,
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NOTES. 389that they, (the Irish) ha
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;NOTES.3f)Swpnt of the alphabet pre
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thing would IiappenNOTES. S.93were
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NOTES. 395the assertions of Greece
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NOTES. 397Antiquity of the Irish Ma
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NOTES. 399turn aspired to universal
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NOTES. 401Druids were planted inBri
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NOTES. 403Roman powor reached tliem
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ISiiiro.NOTES, 405From the extent o
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NOTES. 407uniformly aaiîts thall t
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NOTES* 409sacrifices, because his G
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liinijNOTES. 411Sesbstris and Tanau
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.NOTES. 413Pompeius might be of ser
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NOTES. 415such a striking peculiari
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NOTES. 41-7therefore ha?e intervene
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NOTES. 419time coming a triennial r
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—NOTES. 421clearly establish (he
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jiOTES. 423longitudinein, on accoun
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—;NOTES. 42.>ers. The man who sac
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NOTES. 427ah uUeriorl Scotia usque
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KOTES. 429Albanach] and e?en in Gal
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—NOTES. 431Plots, were obliged to
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;NOTES.4*j:icat! derive Coth from M
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