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392 NOTES.count for the faint similarity which can be traced in some lettersof their respective alphabets,5to, Its identity with the alphabet of Cadmus, The Irish alphabet,as I have already stated, consists of 17 letters. Withthe exception of the letter F, the other16 are toto corpora^ theidentical 16 letters which Cadmus introduced into Greece.This coincidence can neither have proceeded from accident nordesign, but from the original and absolute identity of the alpha-Lets themselves.If the Irish had culled or selected their alphabetfrom the Roman one, ashas been foolishly imagined, byTvhat miracle could they have hit on the identical letters of Cadmus,and rejected all the rest? Had they thrown 16 dice, 16times, and turned up the same number every time, it would nothave been so marvellous as this. The identity of the Cadmeanand Irish alphabet is not therefore the effect of chance or accident.Neither is it the effect of design. Had the Irish framedthis alphabet with a design to make it coincide exactly with thatof Cadmus, they would, at least, have been possessed of as muchcommon sense, as to leave out the letter F,6to. The paucity of its letters. If St. Patrick introduced theJRoman alphabet, why were the letters j, *:, o, f, x, y, and zomitted ?For k they had no occasion, their c being always pronouncedhard. J is expressed by d put before i or ^, thus DiaIs pronounced Jeea. There are no such sounds in the Celticas those expressed by c, ;r, or z. The combinations hh and mhexpress f, dh and gh^ express y. Though there was no occasionfor K, c, X, and z, stillJ, r, and y, were of primary necessity,the Celts, or Irish, having no such letters, and being obligedto express them by combinations or substitutions. But thereis betwixt every written language and its alphabet a certain aptitudeand affinity which peculiarly adaptsthem to each other.The peculiar alphabet of a language is its most graceful and appropriatedress. Every other alphabet, when applied to it, isaukward, forced, and unnatural. Were the English languagewritten in Greek or Hebrew characters, it would well nigh gothe length of ruining its whole forui and orthography.The same
thing would IiappenNOTES. S.93were the English characters applied to theGreek or Hebrew languages. But where a language has notbeen written, any alphabet will suit it, and they easily coalesceand assimilate. Had the Irish (Celtic) language not been a writtenone, and its orthography settled, before the arrival of St.Patrick, there could have been no possible obstacle to the introductionof the Roman alphabet in its fullest extent. Indeed,had this not been the case, the introduction of the Roman alphabetwould have followed as a necessary and inevitable consequence,though the Saint had been determined to prevent it.7mo. Its antiquity. Many attempts have been made by Pinkarton,and others, to get rid of the ancient Irish alphabet.Theyhave rendered it a sort of short hand wriiing^ invented about thetenth or eleventh century^—the Notae Longobardicae— Runiccharacters— magical or hieroglyphical letters, &c. But theirgrand argument is, that St, Patrick introduced the Roman lettersin 432. Were we to grant this, it is the greatest death blowwhich these gentlemen could receive, for it must then follow,that such manuscripts as are written in the ancient Irish characters,are older than the asra of St. Patrick,characters were invented several centuries after St.But (say they) thesePatrick hadintroduced the Roman alphabet. This concession would beequally fatal to them, for it would then follow, that St. Patrickwas not the father of Irish letters, otherwise it would have beentotally unnecessary for the Irish to frame an alphabet to themselvesseveral centuries after his arrival. The truth is, that theIrish had an alphabet before the arrival of St. Patrick, and that,prior to that asra, the orthography oftheir language was fixed;and though St. Patrick and the christian clergy wrote the Irishlanguage in Roman characters, still they found itimpossible toadd one letter more to the Iri^h alphabet than it originally possessed.The genius and orthography of the language renderedit impracticable. If any reinforcement from the Roman alphabetwas necessary, it was most particularly the letters v and ^/,yet these were never introduced. Tha't the Irish alphabet hashad its gradations fiom rudeness to perfection, is i\o more than
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0^ Ac^v.-^^t,VC"^^^^ -t-^^-^:n~î
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PREFACE.IliARLY imbued with a compe
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PREFACE. 5Ihtm retain stronger or f
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.ABSTRACTOP THELIFE OF JOHN TOLAND.
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^^LIFE OP TOLAND. 11have subscribed
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LIFE OF TOLAXD. 13'*fied US by liis
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LTPE OF TOLAND.Ins Apology) in as p
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 17lie had the advan
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LIFE OF TOLAND,there, uiiuo 1588; t
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 21as a second Golia
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 23'This same year,
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 25Mr. Toland's word
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Be that as itLIFE OF TOLAND. 27may,
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 29and another, for
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 31The same year, Co
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 33names of Bacchus,
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LIFE OF TOLANO. 35were not, however
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 37A bill having bee
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 39none are prevente
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 41IJtiU honesturn a
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LIFE OF TOLAND. 43liim to be a frie
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LIFE OF TOLAND.111 this treatise he
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—LIFE OF TOLAND. 47proved that Ki
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—LIFE OF TOLAND. 49any of Toland'
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THEFIRST JLETTEMiTO THERIGHT HONOUR
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OF THE DRUIDS.the antiquities of Ga
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OF THE DRUIDS. 55also in all tlie w
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OF THE DRUIDS. 57merely as being th
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or THE DRUIDS. 59tioii oil any man,
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OF THE DRUIDS. 61any other country
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OF THE DRUIDS. 63.spirit and in tru
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OF THE DRUIDS. 65having preserved i
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OF THE DRUIDS. 67cate; yet if she b
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OF THE DRUIDS. 09oitlier the one or
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;OF THE DRUIDS. 71where they are tl
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;;:OF THE DRUIDS. 73orders or degre
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OF THE DRUIDS. 75the modern Italian
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it.OF THE DRUIDS. 77Tliey made liyi
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OP THE DRUIDS. 79being oonceni'd in
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OF THE DRUIDS. 81lege of the Irish
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OF THE DRUIDS. 83O ! sanctas gentes
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OF THE DRUtDS. 85tifi'se, ^^bicli i
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this name.OF THE DRUIDS. 87The Celt
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'•'ÔF THE DRUIDS. 89others affec
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OF THE DRUIDS. 91by the Jews*, whic
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OF THE DRUIDS. f)3s^'emiine, beside
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OF THE DRUIDS. 95vince the world by
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OF THE DRUIDS. 97which, the most fa
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OF THE DRUIDS. 99of the superstitio
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OF THE DRUIDS.lOlone of the chief l
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OF THE DRUIDS. 103,stoutest man in
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'OF THE DRUIDS. 105the poetry and p
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OF THE DRUIDS. 107fables which the
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THESECOJWU LETTER,TO THERIGHT HONOU
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1OF THE DRUIDS. 11made of the first
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OF THE DRUIDS. 113doctrines and sup
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OF THE DRUIDS.11aprodigious fires o
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OF THE DRUIDS. 117monument of a nat
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OF THE DRUIDS. 119before the feast
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 121(by the way) pre
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iOF THE DRUIDS. 123.by Strabo, are
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 125(lie common name
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 127Then seeing Equa
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:OF THE DRUIDS. 129serving in the i
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OF THE DRUIDS. 131be men, transform
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;OF THE DRUIDS.I3f^the forts in que
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OF THE DRUIDS. 135ce.s) some more a
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:;OF THE DRUIDS. 137rudder in the m
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and victims were ty'd.OF THE DRUIDS
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of them.OF THE DRUIDS. 141Thus some
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:01^ THE DRUIDS. 143needs infer, th
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OF THE DRUIDS. 145Meineu'gui/r, whi
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est in allOF THE DRUIDS. 147Ireland
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Arabians, Greecs, or Romans ;OF THE
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OF THE DUtJlDS. 151chair, was thoug
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OF THE DRUIDS. 153bald, has discove
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of winter, or hiding placesOF THE D
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OF THE DRUIDS. 157of tlie lliad^, f
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OF THE DRUIDS. 159society (with who
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OP THE DRUIDS, 161says, that many o
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OF THE DRUIDS. 163cut out the form
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OF THE DRUIDS. ^ 165the inquirer. T
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168 THE HISTORYcome ill by way of o
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170 THE HISTORYI grudge telling her
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17STHE HISTORYinstance shall be tak
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174 THE HISTORYcame to Marseilles,
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176 THE HISTORYM'riters, where ther
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.178 THE HISTORYmoricaii Britain be
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180 'THE HISTORYbassadors of Rheims
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182 THE HISTORYwheras Albion was th
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184 THE HISTORYbe on the coast of S
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186 THE HISTORYthis iland," says he
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•With:188 THE HISTORYyour patienc
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190 THE HISTORYwards, who cou'd the
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1§2 THE HISTORYmakes its public ap
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i04Biitaiii/'THE HISTORYla the seco
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196 THE HISTORY,veniently for the P
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]f^8THE HISTORYI shoii'd not forget
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200 THE HISTORYor contentions: but
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202 THE HISTORYplan ill my second l
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204 THE HISTORYjiidg'd: showing it
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206 THE HISTORYles*, for which I ha
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208 THE HISTORYon the continent. An
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210 THE HISTORYof such travellers a
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212 THE HISTORYtlitioii of the inha
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1214 THE HISTORYwarm, and that no s
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216 THE HISTORYwhale; as no harbors
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,218 THE mSTORVformed a small track
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:;220 THE HISTORYlines of Horace* a
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ever cheerful,THE HISTORYand having
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224 THE HISTORYthing whereof no pri
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'126 THE HISTORYIX, To return whenc
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22^THE HISTORYSO farr abroad and to
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230 THE HISTORY ^V. What judges and
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23*2 THE HISTORYMR. JONES'S ANSWERS
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t2.34 THE HISTORYthat 3Ion was able
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;236 THE HISTORYa herald to record
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•238 THE HISTORYBardd) is also us
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•240 THE HISTORYins: on the lands
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242 THE HISTORYWales, and the third
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244 THE HISTORYsome proper names. A
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!246 THE HISTORYany such word: but
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248Alauda.Caterva.THE HISTORYMachin
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J¥OTESONTOLAND'S HISTORYOFCfje Bmi
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254 NOTES.fabulous accounts of the
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256 NOTES.pUcifi/ and social virtue
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—"258 NOTES.—no one but the pri
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260 NOTEI«l.Note XL—Page 6S,Thei
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262 NOTES.though there are many obs
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264 NOTES.—It has often been obje
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26(5 KOTES.had nihil sacraiius, i.
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208 NOTES.In some points of inferio
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270 NOTE.c.always regret, that a ma
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572 KOTES.their power to consign th
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274 NOTES.diseases. His account is
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276 NOTES.Cocli dicant ; sa7nanquip
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278 KOTES.Dr. Smith is, that Beal a
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——-280 KOTES.Scotland, and sign
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282 NOTES.Libanu5. Plin, lib, 5. ca
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284 NOTES.iEneas, by the guidance o
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2B6KOTE^'.brew, and Is the radix of
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—288 NOTES.of Grecian, but Celtic
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290 NOTES.each have denonimated one
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292 NOTES.die Umbro, as the Italian
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294 KOTES.f. e. *' Then the father
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—^06KOTES.Celts, obelises, or ere
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——.—29^NOTES.a Drtiid, lived
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;300 NOTES.suam jestlniatlonem, et
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502 KOTES.to their contemplative st
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304 NOTES.crept into the language w
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—————306 NOTES.THE DRUIDI
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308 NOTES.secuti, ant altiores inte
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•îONOTES.is the fate of things,
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312 NOTES.diately surrounded the mo
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814 NOTES.of judgment. In (he word
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316 NOTES.and, consequently, no use
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—316 NOTES.crime, more acceptable
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320 NOTES.that cows usually take sh
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522 N0TE5.multitiide kneeled down d
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!—324 NOTES.Ap]non accuses Closes
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326 NOTES.county. Borlage, in his A
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328 NOTES.(Lapkfugitivus) in the to
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330 NOTES.so, how have we their hou
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332 NOTES.In a similar case Mr. Pin
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—^MKOTES.when plerosque Belgas si
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335 NOTES.very striking and olvious
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338 NOTES.ti?e Vichatach signifies
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—540 NOTES.nis, (says he,) in Asi
Page 346 and 347: —342 NOTtS.Note LXVII.—Page 183
Page 348 and 349: ^44NOTES.signifies the Strong TVind
Page 350 and 351: I—346 NOTES.derivatlres from Bore
Page 352 and 353: a348 NOTES.abbreviated diminutive o
Page 354 and 355: 350 NOTES.and the arrival of Apollo
Page 356 and 357: 352 NOTES.Egyptians likewrse were t
Page 358 and 359: .154 NOTES.trifler may object that
Page 360 and 361: 356 NOTES*(for it is not even alleg
Page 362 and 363: 368 NOTES.the Italians, who appease
Page 364 and 365: —'——S60NOTES.conicis) says,
Page 366 and 367: S62NOTES.tioned by Caesar is Lisc7i
Page 368 and 369: 364 NOTES.sublime a fliglit, as to
Page 370 and 371: DISSERTATIONOn the Antiquity of the
Page 372 and 373: 368 NOTES.write a foreign language,
Page 374 and 375: 570 NOTES.But, in another point of
Page 376 and 377: 372 NOTES*any particular language o
Page 378 and 379: 374 NOTES.Gallic students^ "i^ho re
Page 380 and 381: ——376 NOTES.letters, he would c
Page 382 and 383: 378 NOTES.Germans. 2.We have the si
Page 384 and 385: 380 NOTES.the Suioncs, (De Morlb. G
Page 386 and 387: 382 ÔTEs.-very same criterion woul
Page 388: ———584 NOTES.matter, that the
Page 391 and 392: NOTES.S87liginal language of Asia,
Page 393 and 394: NOTES. 389that they, (the Irish) ha
Page 395: ;NOTES.3f)Swpnt of the alphabet pre
Page 399 and 400: NOTES. 395the assertions of Greece
Page 401 and 402: NOTES. 397Antiquity of the Irish Ma
Page 403 and 404: NOTES. 399turn aspired to universal
Page 405 and 406: NOTES. 401Druids were planted inBri
Page 407 and 408: NOTES. 403Roman powor reached tliem
Page 409 and 410: ISiiiro.NOTES, 405From the extent o
Page 411 and 412: NOTES. 407uniformly aaiîts thall t
Page 413 and 414: NOTES* 409sacrifices, because his G
Page 415 and 416: liinijNOTES. 411Sesbstris and Tanau
Page 417 and 418: .NOTES. 413Pompeius might be of ser
Page 419 and 420: NOTES. 415such a striking peculiari
Page 421 and 422: NOTES. 41-7therefore ha?e intervene
Page 423 and 424: NOTES. 419time coming a triennial r
Page 425 and 426: —NOTES. 421clearly establish (he
Page 427 and 428: jiOTES. 423longitudinein, on accoun
Page 429 and 430: —;NOTES. 42.>ers. The man who sac
Page 431 and 432: NOTES. 427ah uUeriorl Scotia usque
Page 433 and 434: KOTES. 429Albanach] and e?en in Gal
Page 435 and 436: —NOTES. 431Plots, were obliged to
Page 437 and 438: ;NOTES.4*j:icat! derive Coth from M
Page 442: DATE DUE
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