AMD x86-64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, Volume 4, 128-Bit ...

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AMD64 Technology 26568—Rev. 3.05—September 2003 Definitions � 64-bit media instructions � x87 floating-point instructions Several instructions belong to—and are described identically in—multiple instruction subsets. This volume describes the 128-bit media instructions. The index at the end cross-references topics within this volume. For other topics relating to the AMD64 architecture, and for information on instructions in other subsets, see the tables of contents and indexes of the other volumes. Many of the following definitions assume an in-depth knowledge of the legacy x86 architecture. See “Related Documents” on page xxv for descriptions of the legacy x86 architecture. Terms and Notation In addition to the notation described below, “Opcode-Syntax Notation” in Volume 3 describes notation relating specifically to opcodes. 1011b A binary value—in this example, a 4-bit value. F0EAh A hexadecimal value—in this example a 2-byte value. [1,2) A range that includes the left-most value (in this case, 1) but excludes the right-most value (in this case, 2). 7–4 A bit range, from bit 7 to 4, inclusive. The high-order bit is shown first. 128-bit media instructions Instructions that use the 128-bit XMM registers. These are a combination of the SSE and SSE2 instruction sets. 64-bit media instructions Instructions that use the 64-bit MMX registers. These are primarily a combination of MMX and 3DNow! xiv Preface
26568—Rev. 3.05—September 2003 AMD64 Technology instruction sets, with some additional instructions from the SSE and SSE2 instruction sets. 16-bit mode Legacy mode or compatibility mode in which a 16-bit address size is active. See legacy mode and compatibility mode. 32-bit mode Legacy mode or compatibility mode in which a 32-bit address size is active. See legacy mode and compatibility mode. 64-bit mode A submode of long mode. In 64-bit mode, the default address size is 64 bits and new features, such as register extensions, are supported for system and application software. #GP(0) Notation indicating a general-protection exception (#GP) with error code of 0. absolute Said of a displacement that references the base of a code segment rather than an instruction pointer. Contrast with relative. biased exponent The sum of a floating-point value’s exponent and a constant bias for a particular floating-point data type. The bias makes the range of the biased exponent always positive, which allows reciprocation without overflow. byte Eight bits. clear To write a bit value of 0. Compare set. compatibility mode A submode of long mode. In compatibility mode, the default address size is 32 bits, and legacy 16-bit and 32-bit applications run without modification. Preface xv
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