AMD x86-64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, Volume 4, 128-Bit ...

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AMD64 Technology 26568—Rev. 3.05—September 2003 commit To irreversibly write, in program order, an instruction’s result to software-visible storage, such as a register (including flags), the data cache, an internal write buffer, or memory. CPL Current privilege level. CR0–CR4 A register range, from register CR0 through CR4, inclusive, with the low-order register first. CR0.PE = 1 Notation indicating that the PE bit of the CR0 register has a value of 1. direct Referencing a memory location whose address is included in the instruction’s syntax as an immediate operand. The address may be an absolute or relative address. Compare indirect. dirty data Data held in the processor’s caches or internal buffers that is more recent than the copy held in main memory. displacement A signed value that is added to the base of a segment (absolute addressing) or an instruction pointer (relative addressing). Same as offset. doubleword Two words, or four bytes, or 32 bits. double quadword Eight words, or 16 bytes, or 128 bits. Also called octword. DS:rSI The contents of a memory location whose segment address is in the DS register and whose offset relative to that segment is in the rSI register. xvi Preface
26568—Rev. 3.05—September 2003 AMD64 Technology EFER.LME = 0 Notation indicating that the LME bit of the EFER register has a value of 0. effective address size The address size for the current instruction after accounting for the default address size and any address-size override prefix. effective operand size The operand size for the current instruction after accounting for the default operand size and any operandsize override prefix. element See vector. exception An abnormal condition that occurs as the result of executing an instruction. The processor’s response to an exception depends on the type of the exception. For all exceptions except 128-bit media SIMD floating-point exceptions and x87 floating-point exceptions, control is transferred to the handler (or service routine) for that exception, as defined by the exception’s vector. For floating-point exceptions defined by the IEEE 754 standard, there are both masked and unmasked responses. When unmasked, the exception handler is called, and when masked, a default response is provided instead of calling the handler. FF /0 Notation indicating that FF is the first byte of an opcode, and a subfield in the second byte has a value of 0. flush An often ambiguous term meaning (1) writeback, if modified, and invalidate, as in “flush the cache line,” or (2) invalidate, as in “flush the pipeline,” or (3) change a value, as in “flush to zero.” GDT Global descriptor table. IDT Interrupt descriptor table. Preface xvii
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