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University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder.
Abstract This thesis is concerned with the monastic rules that were written in seventh century Iberia and the relationship that existed between them and their intended, contemporary, audience. It aims to investigate this relationship from three distinct, yet related, perspectives: physical, literary and philological. After establishing the historical and historiographical background of the texts, the thesis investigates firstly the presence of a monastic rule as a physical text and its role in a monastery and its relationship with issues of early medieval literacy. It then turns to look at the use of literary techniques and structures in the texts and their relationship with literary culture more generally at the time. Finally, the thesis turns to issues of the language that the monastic rules were written in and the relationship between the spoken and written registers not only of their authors, but also of their audiences. This is concluded with an investigation into the employment of Latin synthetic passive and deponent verb forms in the texts and its implications for the study of language change and language use in early medieval Iberia.
Page 1: THE MONASTIC RULES OF VISIGOTHIC IB
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations CIL Corpus In
Page 7 and 8: 3.4 In nomine Patria et Filea et Sp
Page 9 and 10: 6.3 The Thesis of Roger Wright 230
Page 11 and 12: texts? This includes a comparison o
Page 13 and 14: versa. The interest stems from the
Page 15 and 16: thesis is in some senses a wide ran
Page 17 and 18: The presence of regionally-specific
Page 19 and 20: and cultural problems. The term „
Page 21 and 22: (d) monasticism implies a cenobitic
Page 23 and 24: authority and legitimacy to precept
Page 25 and 26: nuncupant, liberique ab imperio sen
Page 27 and 28: which Louth (2004) has divided rece
Page 29 and 30: (1980: 30). In addition to De Vogü
Page 31 and 32: Christian communities. 28 In terms
Page 33 and 34: pragmatic information than others;
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.1 The De institutione uirginum
Page 37 and 38: 1.4.2 The Epistle Firstly, the prob
Page 39 and 40: Isidore reveals that some prominent
Page 41 and 42: In answer to the question, then, of
Page 43 and 44: uini‟ and „De habitu uirginum
Page 45 and 46: 1.4.4 Overall Conclusion: A Monasti
Page 47 and 48: Iberian Peninsula is of interest be
Page 49 and 50: Fortunatus respectively. 49 Evident
Page 51 and 52: Despite the high quantity of litera
Page 53 and 54:
econstruct actual monastic life is
Page 55 and 56:
diuturnis temporibus”. Thus begin
Page 57 and 58:
Fathers, physical labour had been a
Page 59 and 60:
community, 75 and the monastic rule
Page 61 and 62:
part of a monk‟s diet due to the
Page 63 and 64:
Isidore had warned that paradoxical
Page 65 and 66:
monastic rules demonstrate that the
Page 67 and 68:
primary sources. 115 In some cases,
Page 69 and 70:
The monastic rules, in addition, re
Page 71 and 72:
mention of double monasteries, the
Page 73 and 74:
2.8 Regional Variation and the Pecu
Page 75 and 76:
However, there are some noticeable
Page 77 and 78:
elationship between an elder and ju
Page 79 and 80:
In the second instance, one of the
Page 81 and 82:
from Muslim control, it would appea
Page 83 and 84:
However, the lack of primary eviden
Page 85 and 86:
Studies in Medieval Literacy. 165 T
Page 87 and 88:
Today, many countries aim for 100 %
Page 89 and 90:
e a sentiment echoed by Augustine h
Page 91 and 92:
Similar problems can be posited for
Page 93 and 94:
early medieval west in a bilingual-
Page 95 and 96:
mysterious, aura. It is entirely li
Page 97 and 98:
which dealt with the regulation of
Page 99 and 100:
is reckoned to possess a collection
Page 101 and 102:
3.6 Visigothic Oral Culture Althoug
Page 103 and 104:
3.7 “Lectio tibi sit adsidua”:
Page 105 and 106:
The coupling of monastic life with
Page 107 and 108:
Cuteclara, west of Cordoba, specifi
Page 109 and 110:
3.8 Uses of Literacy The most commo
Page 111 and 112:
(Williams 1999: 180-181). Jerome ha
Page 113 and 114:
nouerunt”; 237 “sed inter utros
Page 115 and 116:
opus quod faciat, ut non uacet”.
Page 117 and 118:
obsculto, along with the noun auris
Page 119 and 120:
textual communities were formed of
Page 121 and 122:
3.10 Visigothic Monasteries as Text
Page 123 and 124:
“where monastic texts do refer to
Page 125 and 126:
3.11 Conclusions Irvine (1994) disc
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter Four: Literary Technique an
Page 129 and 130:
including stylistic techniques and
Page 131 and 132:
conclusive (Hernardi 1978; Robson 1
Page 133 and 134:
It would be churlish to abandon the
Page 135 and 136:
style of the monastic rules, it wou
Page 137 and 138:
examples of this, a topic that will
Page 139 and 140:
purposeful „manipulation‟ of th
Page 141 and 142:
placed in public places informing r
Page 143 and 144:
There are a couple of important poi
Page 145 and 146:
This can be compared with two typic
Page 147 and 148:
4.6 The Oral Nature of the Language
Page 149 and 150:
The monastic rules often speak info
Page 151 and 152:
suum asserens dicat: codex meus, ta
Page 153 and 154:
1962; Law 1997. For a specifically
Page 155 and 156:
changed here in the Latin, and whil
Page 157 and 158:
parentibus, alius de germanis, aliu
Page 159 and 160:
uitae duratus [...] ac transcendens
Page 161 and 162:
4.8.2 Figurative Language in the Co
Page 163 and 164:
Elsewhere, Valerius of Bierzo, in h
Page 165 and 166:
It is also notable that such descri
Page 167 and 168:
Mercurii 5.535) and Fronto (De Eloq
Page 169 and 170:
quieto”; 386 “pius enim et oble
Page 171 and 172:
However, it is worth noting that mo
Page 173 and 174:
modern histories” (ibid.: 191). I
Page 175 and 176:
On a stylistic note, there must be
Page 177 and 178:
semantic implications and artificia
Page 179 and 180:
useful to remember that the idea of
Page 181 and 182:
century monastic rule shows just ho
Page 183 and 184:
It cannot be imagined that all conv
Page 185 and 186:
Isidore frequently cites from Augus
Page 187 and 188:
Naturally, it cannot be presumed th
Page 189 and 190:
to their audience and, as demonstra
Page 191 and 192:
his clothes (ηνῖο ἱκαηί
Page 193 and 194:
Maltby 2002; Velázquez Soriano 200
Page 195 and 196:
specific terms are used to describe
Page 197 and 198:
also includes the use of substantiv
Page 199 and 200:
5.4 Christian Latin In contrast to
Page 201 and 202:
style of speech have been subject t
Page 203 and 204:
feature of any discussion of lingui
Page 205 and 206:
ancient writers, had long ago state
Page 207 and 208:
proves himself to be an author who
Page 209 and 210:
intelligitur, quae populis sermone
Page 211 and 212:
them. 458 It would be misguided, th
Page 213 and 214:
of speech, as shown by the example
Page 215 and 216:
“Lasciuus, petulans et superbus,
Page 217 and 218:
used by everyone, whilst Attic was
Page 219 and 220:
their monastic rules were not writt
Page 221 and 222:
een seen as „bad‟ or „wrong
Page 223 and 224:
entity as understood from a modern
Page 225 and 226:
singulos menses expensum fuerit, pe
Page 227 and 228:
Throughout the monastic rules, ad i
Page 229 and 230:
Romance, with only a few exceptions
Page 231 and 232:
Examples of uel as an inclusive dis
Page 233 and 234:
5.16 Vocabulary The vocabulary of t
Page 235 and 236:
Nouoque Testamento duae, deinde lau
Page 237 and 238:
influenced by Christianity. Moreove
Page 239 and 240:
analysis of Longobardic words in th
Page 241 and 242:
it to „split up‟, or that it on
Page 243 and 244:
square. 542 It is also found interm
Page 245 and 246:
genealogia, et de sua gente fatetur
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter Six: Latin or Romance? Lati
Page 249 and 250:
is perceived as appropriate for cer
Page 251 and 252:
speakers until the eighth century:
Page 253 and 254:
Accordingly, there was no need for
Page 255 and 256:
languages are those in which “aux
Page 257 and 258:
formed a subsection of the passive
Page 259 and 260:
forms, such as the correct use of d
Page 261 and 262:
Active Deponent Passive Life of Fru
Page 263 and 264:
Perigrinatio, used synthetic passiv
Page 265 and 266:
famulor, fateor, fruor, gradior, im
Page 267 and 268:
These points are of particular impo
Page 269 and 270:
examples where deponents and passiv
Page 271 and 272:
e able to understand the forms, lea
Page 273 and 274:
sociolinguistic nature of the Latin
Page 275 and 276:
cycle, or rather whether languages
Page 277 and 278:
primary language” (Winford 2003:
Page 279 and 280:
for ascertaining a specific time of
Page 281 and 282:
trend within Indo-European language
Page 283 and 284:
� Germanic Very early written rec
Page 285 and 286:
that would emerge would be a varied
Page 287 and 288:
instability between deponent and ac
Page 289 and 290:
death blow for them because there n
Page 291 and 292:
more difficulty. To take a random e
Page 293 and 294:
able to explain why it is „thy‟
Page 295 and 296:
when people became conscious that t
Page 297 and 298:
linguistic consciousness of the var
Page 299 and 300:
6.14 “Loquendum est Russice et sc
Page 301 and 302:
the region of Latium in central Ita
Page 303 and 304:
homogenous as to permit the souther
Page 305 and 306:
любимший: понеж без
Page 307 and 308:
two would have been nevertheless si
Page 309 and 310:
separate languages through a combin
Page 311 and 312:
mention at least because Liturgical
Page 313 and 314:
period is still a long way from bei
Page 315 and 316:
Concluding Remarks Naturally, there
Page 317 and 318:
problem is that they can never be a
Page 319 and 320:
A final point should be brought to
Page 321 and 322:
Primary Sources: Bibliography Many
Page 323 and 324:
Secondary Sources: Abad Leόn, F.
Page 325 and 326:
Anderson, J. & Rochet, B. (1979) Hi
Page 327 and 328:
Barr, J. (1961) The Semantics of Bi
Page 329 and 330:
Biville, F. (1994) “Collisions sy
Page 331 and 332:
Bowes, K. & Kulikowski, M. (2005)(e
Page 333 and 334:
Burton-Christie, D. (1993) The Word
Page 335 and 336:
Casson, L. (2002) Libraries in the
Page 337 and 338:
Clark, J.W. (1957) Early English. A
Page 339 and 340:
Colombas, G.M. (1975) El monacato p
Page 341 and 342:
(2002) “Aspects of the Micro-Stru
Page 343 and 344:
De Jong, M. (1996) In Samuel‘s Im
Page 345 and 346:
Devoto, G. (1999) Il linguaggio d
Page 347 and 348:
Dodds, J.D. (1990) Architecture and
Page 349 and 350:
Ewert, A. (1935) “The Strasborg O
Page 351 and 352:
Finkelberg, M. & Stroumsa, G.G. (20
Page 353 and 354:
(1996) Linguistic Criticism, 2 nd e
Page 355 and 356:
(1997) “Sinonomia y diferencia de
Page 357 and 358:
Goldberg, S.M. (2005) “The Early
Page 359 and 360:
Hagemann, K. (2008) “The Latin Sy
Page 361 and 362:
(2000) Apuleius. A Second Sophist.
Page 363 and 364:
Hesse, R. (2003) Syntax of the Mode
Page 365 and 366:
Humphries, M. (2009) “The Shapes
Page 367 and 368:
Justus, C. (2008) “Late Latin Dep
Page 369 and 370:
Lafferty, M.K. (2003) “Translatin
Page 371 and 372:
Leclercq, J. (1996) The Love of Lea
Page 373 and 374:
Lobrichon, G. (2003) La Bible au Mo
Page 375 and 376:
Mackay, A. (1977) Spain in the Midd
Page 377 and 378:
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Page 379 and 380:
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Milham, M.E. (1959) “Aspects of N
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Morrison, K.F. (1969) Tradition and
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Page 387 and 388:
Pei, M. & Gaynor, F. (1954) A Dicti
Page 389 and 390:
209-214 484-487 (1961a) “The Inte
Page 391 and 392:
Rajan, T. & Wright, J.M. (1998) “
Page 393 and 394:
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Page 395 and 396:
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Page 405 and 406:
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Page 407 and 408:
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Page 409:
Wygralak, P. (2006) “Contemptus m
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