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4.10 Biblical Borrowings 160 - 163 4.11 Patristic Borrowings 163 - 166 4.12 Conclusions 167 – 168 CHAPTER FIVE: ISSUES OF LANGUAGE IN THE MONASTIC RULES 5.1 Introduction 169 5.2 Language Consciousness in the Ancient World 169 - 172 5.3 Modern Definitions of the Language of the Monastic Rules 172 - 177 5.4 Christian Latin 178 - 182 5.5 Ancient and Modern Sensibilities towards Language 182 - 185 5.6 The Context of Language Use and Language Change in the Seventh Century 185-186 5.7 Sermo Plebeius uel Rusticus: Language Consciousness in the Monastic Rules 186 - 196 5.8 Language Standard and Choice of Linguistic Register 196 – 200 5.9 The Latin of the Monastic Rules 200 – 203 5.10 Verbal Morphology 203 – 304 5.11 Prepositional Syntax 204 – 206 5.12 Pronominal Syntax 206 – 207 5.13 Conjunctions 207 – 210 5.14 Quod 211 5.16 Vocabulary 211 – 216 5.17 Three Interesting Borrowings: Paximatium, Monophagia, Saio 216 – 218 5.18 Regionalisms 219 – 224 5.20 Conclusions 224 CHAPTER SIX: LATIN OR ROMANCE? LATIN SYNTHETIC PASSIVE AND DEPONENT VERB FORMS IN THE MONASTIC RULES 6.1 No one knows exactly when it ceased to be Latin: Approaches towards Latin and Romance 226-229 6.2 The Thesis of Michel Banniard 229 - 230
6.3 The Thesis of Roger Wright 230 - 232 6.4 Latin / Romance and its Relevance to the Monastic Rules 233 6.5 The Importance of the Synthetic Passive and Deponent Verbs and Their Disappearance 233-236 6.6 Dating the Disappearance of Synthetic Passive and Deponent Forms 236-238 6.7 The Evidence of the Monastic Rules: Frequency Analysis 238 - 243 6.8 Further Analysis of Appearance 243 - 246 6.9 Further Analysis of Use 246 - 250 6.10.1 Traditional Approaches to the Loss of Synthesis 250 – 252 6.10.2 Political Decline and Simplification 252 – 255 6.10.3 Contact Linguistics 255 – 256 6.10.4 The Linguistic Cycle 257 6.10.5 Ecological Linguistics 257 – 259 6.11 A New Proposal for the Loss of the Passive 259 – 266 6.12 The Relationship between Synthetic Passive and Deponent Verbs 267 – 268 6.13 The Monastic Rules and the Wright Thesis 268 – 273 6.14 The Wright Thesis: General Conclusions 273 – 277 6.15 Loquendum est Russice et scribendum Slavonicae 278 – 288 6.16 Monastic Rules and Other Texts 288 – 292 6.17 Conclusions 292 - 293 Concluding Remarks 294 - 299 Bibliography
Page 1 and 2: THE MONASTIC RULES OF VISIGOTHIC IB
Page 3 and 4: Abstract This thesis is concerned w
Page 5 and 6: List of Abbreviations CIL Corpus In
Page 7: 3.4 In nomine Patria et Filea et Sp
Page 11 and 12: texts? This includes a comparison o
Page 13 and 14: versa. The interest stems from the
Page 15 and 16: thesis is in some senses a wide ran
Page 17 and 18: The presence of regionally-specific
Page 19 and 20: and cultural problems. The term „
Page 21 and 22: (d) monasticism implies a cenobitic
Page 23 and 24: authority and legitimacy to precept
Page 25 and 26: nuncupant, liberique ab imperio sen
Page 27 and 28: which Louth (2004) has divided rece
Page 29 and 30: (1980: 30). In addition to De Vogü
Page 31 and 32: Christian communities. 28 In terms
Page 33 and 34: pragmatic information than others;
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.1 The De institutione uirginum
Page 37 and 38: 1.4.2 The Epistle Firstly, the prob
Page 39 and 40: Isidore reveals that some prominent
Page 41 and 42: In answer to the question, then, of
Page 43 and 44: uini‟ and „De habitu uirginum
Page 45 and 46: 1.4.4 Overall Conclusion: A Monasti
Page 47 and 48: Iberian Peninsula is of interest be
Page 49 and 50: Fortunatus respectively. 49 Evident
Page 51 and 52: Despite the high quantity of litera
Page 53 and 54: econstruct actual monastic life is
Page 55 and 56: diuturnis temporibus”. Thus begin
Page 57 and 58: Fathers, physical labour had been a
Page 59 and 60:
community, 75 and the monastic rule
Page 61 and 62:
part of a monk‟s diet due to the
Page 63 and 64:
Isidore had warned that paradoxical
Page 65 and 66:
monastic rules demonstrate that the
Page 67 and 68:
primary sources. 115 In some cases,
Page 69 and 70:
The monastic rules, in addition, re
Page 71 and 72:
mention of double monasteries, the
Page 73 and 74:
2.8 Regional Variation and the Pecu
Page 75 and 76:
However, there are some noticeable
Page 77 and 78:
elationship between an elder and ju
Page 79 and 80:
In the second instance, one of the
Page 81 and 82:
from Muslim control, it would appea
Page 83 and 84:
However, the lack of primary eviden
Page 85 and 86:
Studies in Medieval Literacy. 165 T
Page 87 and 88:
Today, many countries aim for 100 %
Page 89 and 90:
e a sentiment echoed by Augustine h
Page 91 and 92:
Similar problems can be posited for
Page 93 and 94:
early medieval west in a bilingual-
Page 95 and 96:
mysterious, aura. It is entirely li
Page 97 and 98:
which dealt with the regulation of
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is reckoned to possess a collection
Page 101 and 102:
3.6 Visigothic Oral Culture Althoug
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3.7 “Lectio tibi sit adsidua”:
Page 105 and 106:
The coupling of monastic life with
Page 107 and 108:
Cuteclara, west of Cordoba, specifi
Page 109 and 110:
3.8 Uses of Literacy The most commo
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(Williams 1999: 180-181). Jerome ha
Page 113 and 114:
nouerunt”; 237 “sed inter utros
Page 115 and 116:
opus quod faciat, ut non uacet”.
Page 117 and 118:
obsculto, along with the noun auris
Page 119 and 120:
textual communities were formed of
Page 121 and 122:
3.10 Visigothic Monasteries as Text
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“where monastic texts do refer to
Page 125 and 126:
3.11 Conclusions Irvine (1994) disc
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter Four: Literary Technique an
Page 129 and 130:
including stylistic techniques and
Page 131 and 132:
conclusive (Hernardi 1978; Robson 1
Page 133 and 134:
It would be churlish to abandon the
Page 135 and 136:
style of the monastic rules, it wou
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examples of this, a topic that will
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purposeful „manipulation‟ of th
Page 141 and 142:
placed in public places informing r
Page 143 and 144:
There are a couple of important poi
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This can be compared with two typic
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4.6 The Oral Nature of the Language
Page 149 and 150:
The monastic rules often speak info
Page 151 and 152:
suum asserens dicat: codex meus, ta
Page 153 and 154:
1962; Law 1997. For a specifically
Page 155 and 156:
changed here in the Latin, and whil
Page 157 and 158:
parentibus, alius de germanis, aliu
Page 159 and 160:
uitae duratus [...] ac transcendens
Page 161 and 162:
4.8.2 Figurative Language in the Co
Page 163 and 164:
Elsewhere, Valerius of Bierzo, in h
Page 165 and 166:
It is also notable that such descri
Page 167 and 168:
Mercurii 5.535) and Fronto (De Eloq
Page 169 and 170:
quieto”; 386 “pius enim et oble
Page 171 and 172:
However, it is worth noting that mo
Page 173 and 174:
modern histories” (ibid.: 191). I
Page 175 and 176:
On a stylistic note, there must be
Page 177 and 178:
semantic implications and artificia
Page 179 and 180:
useful to remember that the idea of
Page 181 and 182:
century monastic rule shows just ho
Page 183 and 184:
It cannot be imagined that all conv
Page 185 and 186:
Isidore frequently cites from Augus
Page 187 and 188:
Naturally, it cannot be presumed th
Page 189 and 190:
to their audience and, as demonstra
Page 191 and 192:
his clothes (ηνῖο ἱκαηί
Page 193 and 194:
Maltby 2002; Velázquez Soriano 200
Page 195 and 196:
specific terms are used to describe
Page 197 and 198:
also includes the use of substantiv
Page 199 and 200:
5.4 Christian Latin In contrast to
Page 201 and 202:
style of speech have been subject t
Page 203 and 204:
feature of any discussion of lingui
Page 205 and 206:
ancient writers, had long ago state
Page 207 and 208:
proves himself to be an author who
Page 209 and 210:
intelligitur, quae populis sermone
Page 211 and 212:
them. 458 It would be misguided, th
Page 213 and 214:
of speech, as shown by the example
Page 215 and 216:
“Lasciuus, petulans et superbus,
Page 217 and 218:
used by everyone, whilst Attic was
Page 219 and 220:
their monastic rules were not writt
Page 221 and 222:
een seen as „bad‟ or „wrong
Page 223 and 224:
entity as understood from a modern
Page 225 and 226:
singulos menses expensum fuerit, pe
Page 227 and 228:
Throughout the monastic rules, ad i
Page 229 and 230:
Romance, with only a few exceptions
Page 231 and 232:
Examples of uel as an inclusive dis
Page 233 and 234:
5.16 Vocabulary The vocabulary of t
Page 235 and 236:
Nouoque Testamento duae, deinde lau
Page 237 and 238:
influenced by Christianity. Moreove
Page 239 and 240:
analysis of Longobardic words in th
Page 241 and 242:
it to „split up‟, or that it on
Page 243 and 244:
square. 542 It is also found interm
Page 245 and 246:
genealogia, et de sua gente fatetur
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter Six: Latin or Romance? Lati
Page 249 and 250:
is perceived as appropriate for cer
Page 251 and 252:
speakers until the eighth century:
Page 253 and 254:
Accordingly, there was no need for
Page 255 and 256:
languages are those in which “aux
Page 257 and 258:
formed a subsection of the passive
Page 259 and 260:
forms, such as the correct use of d
Page 261 and 262:
Active Deponent Passive Life of Fru
Page 263 and 264:
Perigrinatio, used synthetic passiv
Page 265 and 266:
famulor, fateor, fruor, gradior, im
Page 267 and 268:
These points are of particular impo
Page 269 and 270:
examples where deponents and passiv
Page 271 and 272:
e able to understand the forms, lea
Page 273 and 274:
sociolinguistic nature of the Latin
Page 275 and 276:
cycle, or rather whether languages
Page 277 and 278:
primary language” (Winford 2003:
Page 279 and 280:
for ascertaining a specific time of
Page 281 and 282:
trend within Indo-European language
Page 283 and 284:
� Germanic Very early written rec
Page 285 and 286:
that would emerge would be a varied
Page 287 and 288:
instability between deponent and ac
Page 289 and 290:
death blow for them because there n
Page 291 and 292:
more difficulty. To take a random e
Page 293 and 294:
able to explain why it is „thy‟
Page 295 and 296:
when people became conscious that t
Page 297 and 298:
linguistic consciousness of the var
Page 299 and 300:
6.14 “Loquendum est Russice et sc
Page 301 and 302:
the region of Latium in central Ita
Page 303 and 304:
homogenous as to permit the souther
Page 305 and 306:
любимший: понеж без
Page 307 and 308:
two would have been nevertheless si
Page 309 and 310:
separate languages through a combin
Page 311 and 312:
mention at least because Liturgical
Page 313 and 314:
period is still a long way from bei
Page 315 and 316:
Concluding Remarks Naturally, there
Page 317 and 318:
problem is that they can never be a
Page 319 and 320:
A final point should be brought to
Page 321 and 322:
Primary Sources: Bibliography Many
Page 323 and 324:
Secondary Sources: Abad Leόn, F.
Page 325 and 326:
Anderson, J. & Rochet, B. (1979) Hi
Page 327 and 328:
Barr, J. (1961) The Semantics of Bi
Page 329 and 330:
Biville, F. (1994) “Collisions sy
Page 331 and 332:
Bowes, K. & Kulikowski, M. (2005)(e
Page 333 and 334:
Burton-Christie, D. (1993) The Word
Page 335 and 336:
Casson, L. (2002) Libraries in the
Page 337 and 338:
Clark, J.W. (1957) Early English. A
Page 339 and 340:
Colombas, G.M. (1975) El monacato p
Page 341 and 342:
(2002) “Aspects of the Micro-Stru
Page 343 and 344:
De Jong, M. (1996) In Samuel‘s Im
Page 345 and 346:
Devoto, G. (1999) Il linguaggio d
Page 347 and 348:
Dodds, J.D. (1990) Architecture and
Page 349 and 350:
Ewert, A. (1935) “The Strasborg O
Page 351 and 352:
Finkelberg, M. & Stroumsa, G.G. (20
Page 353 and 354:
(1996) Linguistic Criticism, 2 nd e
Page 355 and 356:
(1997) “Sinonomia y diferencia de
Page 357 and 358:
Goldberg, S.M. (2005) “The Early
Page 359 and 360:
Hagemann, K. (2008) “The Latin Sy
Page 361 and 362:
(2000) Apuleius. A Second Sophist.
Page 363 and 364:
Hesse, R. (2003) Syntax of the Mode
Page 365 and 366:
Humphries, M. (2009) “The Shapes
Page 367 and 368:
Justus, C. (2008) “Late Latin Dep
Page 369 and 370:
Lafferty, M.K. (2003) “Translatin
Page 371 and 372:
Leclercq, J. (1996) The Love of Lea
Page 373 and 374:
Lobrichon, G. (2003) La Bible au Mo
Page 375 and 376:
Mackay, A. (1977) Spain in the Midd
Page 377 and 378:
Marichal, R. (1988) Les graffites d
Page 379 and 380:
Mazzini, I. & Bacci, L. (2001) Evan
Page 381 and 382:
Milham, M.E. (1959) “Aspects of N
Page 383 and 384:
Morrison, K.F. (1969) Tradition and
Page 385 and 386:
(1996) The Celtic Monk: Rules and W
Page 387 and 388:
Pei, M. & Gaynor, F. (1954) A Dicti
Page 389 and 390:
209-214 484-487 (1961a) “The Inte
Page 391 and 392:
Rajan, T. & Wright, J.M. (1998) “
Page 393 and 394:
Roberts, C.H. & Skeat, T.A (1983) T
Page 395 and 396:
Sala, M. (2005) From Latin to Roman
Page 397 and 398:
Sheldrake, P. (2007) A brief histor
Page 399 and 400:
Steiner, P. (2005) “Russian Forma
Page 401 and 402:
Thorpe, L.G.M. (1969) Einhard and N
Page 403 and 404:
Veilleux, A. (1968) “The Abbatial
Page 405 and 406:
(1982) The long-haired kings and ot
Page 407 and 408:
Williams, G. (1968) Tradition and O
Page 409:
Wygralak, P. (2006) “Contemptus m
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