Abstraktit - Oulu
Abstraktit - Oulu
Abstraktit - Oulu
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inflectional patterns is less that 10% of all tokens), also basic language-specific<br />
properties of target morphology like grade alternation are acquired. Still not all<br />
cases and tenses are acquired and also subsystem of derivation morphology have<br />
not started to develop yet.<br />
References:<br />
W. U. Dressler; A. Karpf, The Theoretical Relevance of pre- and Protomorphology in Language<br />
Acquisition; Mechanisms of Morphological Change (=Yearbook of Morphology 1994).<br />
G.Booji, J. van Marle (eds.), 99122. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1995.<br />
M. Kilani-Schoch; W. U. Dressler, The emergence of inflectional paradigms in two French corpora:<br />
An illustration of general problems of pre- and protomorphology. Pre- and<br />
Protomorphology: Early Phases of Morphological Development in Nouns and Verbs. M. D.<br />
Voeikova, W. U. Dressler (eds.). Lincom Europa, 2002, 4559.<br />
Pauli Brattico & Taija Saikkonen – Acquisition of sentential negation:<br />
evidence from the acquisition of Finnish verbal negation<br />
We report a study of the acquisition of negation in Finnish, consisting of<br />
observations from 165 children aged between 1;11 and 5;6, approx. 1400<br />
sentence tokens. Learning negative utterances in Finnish is of particular<br />
interest, because in Finnish the negative word e- resides above the tense<br />
projection (TP) and has many verbal properties, as compared to English,<br />
German or French where it resides below the TP and behaves like a particle.<br />
We compare the acquisition of these two types of languages in order to<br />
investigate how the markedly different grammars diverge as a function of<br />
the experience the child receives. Our investigation shows that the basic<br />
distinction between above-TP grammars and below-TP grammars is inferred<br />
correctly before the children enter the two-word stage, supporting Wexler's<br />
Very Early Parameter Setting (VEPS) Hypothesis. We argue that a specific<br />
negation parameter should be included in the list of Wexler's early<br />
parameters. Implications concerning the controversy over the acquisition of<br />
English sentential negation are discussed.<br />
Sari Kunnari – PCC-indeksi äänteellisen kehityksen mittarina<br />
Lapsen äänteellistä kehitystä ja siihen liittyviä ongelmia voidaan arvioida monella<br />
eri tavalla. Ulkomailla käytössä olevat arviointimenetelmät pohjautuvat<br />
englanninkieliseen aineistoon eivätkä siten ole suoraan sovellettavissa esimerkiksi<br />
suomen kieleen. Ainoa suomenkielisille lapsille sovellettu kokeiluasteella oleva<br />
äänteellisen kehityksen mittari on PMLU (Phonological Mean Length of<br />
Utterance) (ks. Saaristo-Helin, Savinainen-Makkonen & Kunnari, 2006).<br />
Monet äänteellisen kehityksen arviointimenetelmät ovat hyvin työläitä<br />
toteuttaa. Ulkomailla laajasti käytetyn PCC-indeksin (Percent Consonant Correct)<br />
avulla voidaan kuitenkin saada kohtuullisen nopeasti arvokasta tietoa äänteellisen<br />
kehityksen tasosta (Shriberg & Kwiatkowski, 1982). PCC-indeksi lasketaan lapsen<br />
spontaanista 5–10 minuutin mittaisesta puhenäytteestä. Siinä arvioidaan<br />
oikein/väärin tuotettujen konsonanttien prosentuaalista osuutta verrattuna<br />
aikuispuheen tavoitemuotoihin. Lapsen ilmauksia tarkastellaan sekä foneemisesta<br />
KIELITIETEEN PÄIVÄT 24.–25.5.2007 134 / 155<br />
OULU