mis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils_ eTnikur identobas _ aman SeiZleba daakargvinospirovnebas, erTis mxriv, mTlianobaSi `me” da, meoresmxriv, ama Tu im kulturasTan kavSiri. <strong>eTnikuri</strong>identobis dakargvam SeiZleba adamiani miiyvanosnegatiur Sedegebamde, rac, magaliTad, rogorc aRwerseriqsoni, gamoixateba `zangis SegrZnebebSi” (“Внегритянском ощущении” — “Я никто”) `me aravin ar var“_ usaxelo, uarafro (Эриксон, 1996).pozitiuri identobis dros sakuTari jgufismimarT keTilganwyobas da prioritetulobas, sxvajgufTan Sedarebisas, SidaeTnojgufuri favoritizmiewodeba. anu es aris sakuTari jgufis upiratesobosgancda. Sidajgufuri favoritizmis cnobili magaliTiaeTnocentrizmi, sakuTari <strong>eTnikuri</strong> jgufisupiratesad aRiareba. `eTnocentrizmi aris adamianisdamaxasiaTebeli Cveva _ sakuTari <strong>eTnikuri</strong> jgufisaTvis,romelic garkveuli etalonisa da optimumisrolSia, damaxasiaTebeli tradiciebisa da RirebulebaTamixedviT~. cxovrebiseuli movlenebis aRqmada Sefaseba (Кон, 1983: 812).eTnocentristis SegrZnebiT, sakuTari kulturaaris norma, Rirebulebebi bunebrivi da swori, xolosxva kulturis elementebi _ arabunebrivi da araswori.eTnocentrists axasiaTebs siamaye Tavisi jgufiT,misi upiratesobiT da a. S. Tumca aqve aRiarebs sxvajgufis Tu kulturis wes-Cveulebebs, Rirebulebebsda normebs sakuTar kulturasTan mimarTebiT da,rogorc wesi, es sxva jgufi ZiriTadad dabal donezemoiazreba. mTlianobaSi, sakuTari tradiciebi dakultura Sefasebulia rogorc yvelaze swori,realuri, da amitom is unda iyos yvelasTvis misaRebi(mag., qarTvelebisTvis marTlmadidebloba). eTnocentrizmixels uSlis sxvadasxva jgufebis urTier-Tobas. amavdroulad, ganamyarebs Sidajgufur mobilizaciasda aZlierebs eTnikur sazRvars.<strong>eTnikuri</strong> sazRvris cneba ki <strong>eTnikuri</strong> jgufebisanalizisas da <strong>eTnikuri</strong> urTierTobis ganxilvisasaseve mniSvnelovani komponentia. . . <strong>eTnikuri</strong> sazRvariaRiqmeba ara rogorc teritoriuli sazRvari, aramedrogorc subieqturad gacnobierebuli da gancdadidistancia, romelic ganixileba erTaSoris urTier-Tobis konteqstSi. eTnikur sazRvars gansazRvravsjgufi, da am gansazRvrulobaSi pirveladi mniSvnelobaeniWeba im kulturul maxasiaTeblebs, romelsacTavad es jgufi gamoyofs da aniWebs markirebulmniSvnelobas.<strong>eTnikuri</strong> sazRvari aris azrovnebis aqti. misiSeswavlis saSualebaa <strong>eTnikuri</strong> identobis kvleva.<strong>eTnikuri</strong> jgufis markirebis maxasiaTeblebi, anu is,Tu romel maxasiaTebels aniWeben jgufis wevrebimniSvnelovnebis maRal xarisxs, istoriuli, politikuri,ekonomikuri pirobebisa da konkretuli situaciisSedegia (meliqiSvili, 2009: 249 _ 251).moTxovnileba imisa, rom sakuTari Tavi moiazroAdidjgufTan kavSirSi da pirovnuli gansazRvreba,romelSic erTdroulad aris mocemuliindividualuri da <strong>socialuri</strong>, ganapirobebs imas, racCveulebriv adamians aiZulebs eTnonacionalisturimowodebani pozitiurad miiRos. es aris bunebrivi<strong>socialuri</strong> moTxovnileba. es moTxovnileba imdenadZlieria, rom garkveul mdgomareobaSi uflebadarRveuladamians aiZulebs ara marto nacionalur,aramed eqstremistul mowodebebsac ki gamoexmauros.eTnocentrizmis gamovlinebis sxvadasxva mizezebiarsebobs. zogi amas kulturas miawers, magramzog SemTxvevaSi kulturaze metad masze (eTnocentrizmze)<strong>socialuri</strong> faqtorebi moqmedebs. saqarTveloSisxvadasxva eTnojgufebSi eTnocentrizmisgamovlinebas sxvadasxva mizezebi aqvs. igi dRemdeara marto umravlesobaSi, aramed eTnoumciresobaSicvlindeba. aseve sainteresoa mcire (konfesiuri Tu360 361
kuTxuri mikrokulturis matarebeli) jgufebi,romelTac adgilmonacvleobis gamo es grZnoba ufrometad uZlierdebaT. esenia aWarlebi walkaSi, imerlebimarneulSi, svanebi da raWvelebi qvemo qarTlSida sxv. yoveli es jgufi cdilobs, Tavisi meobasxvaze win wamoswios, rameTu adaptirebuli iyos imgaremoSi da, amave dros, moi povos sxvaze maRalistatusi, anu xazi gausvan Tavis “kuTvnil” dominantobas.amitom es jgufebi cdiloben Tavisi kulturaara marto SeinarCunon, aramed gaaZlieron kidec.amis gamo dominantobas ara marto deklarirebiT,aramed simboloebiTac tvirTaven. amis saukeTesomagaliTia igive svanuri koSkebi sasaflaoebsa Tugzebze; azerbaijanul sof. arsarvanSi aWarlebismeCeTSi siaruli; sof. wereTelSi imerlebis “gansaku-Trebuli misia”, rac “stalinis mier azerbaijanelebiTdasaxlebul regionSi gaqarTvelebis mizniT imerlebisCasaxlebaSi gamoixateba”. aseT SemTxvevaSi eTnocentrizmiver axerxebs pozitiuri statusis SenarCunebasda igi ara marto uaryofiT datvirTvas iZens,aramed zog SemTxvevaSi mebrZolis mdgomareobaSicki gadadis da Tavisi cxovrebisa da kulturis wesebssxvas axvevs Tavze. am SemTxvevaSi yoveli uaryofiTi<strong>socialuri</strong> movlena sxva jgufis bralia, iRviZebssiZulvili, qsenofobia. aseT jgufebs aqvT gamZafrebulisiyvaruli samSoblos mimarT. es aris gancdaimisa, rom ecilebian teritoriaSi, samuSaoSi, sameurneoyofaSi da a. S. aseT garemoSi izrdeba sxvis mimarTuaryofiTi ganwyoba, SeiZleba es “sxva” `Seamkon”yovelgvari uaryofiTi sityvebiT. Tavis Tavs kigandidebaSi uwyoben xels, miT umetes, Tu maTmxardamWerebi hyavT (mag., svanebze qvemo qarTlSiadgilobrivi qarTvelebi amboben: `amovisunTqeT, aqrom Camoasaxles, welSi gavimarTeT”). meores mxriv,uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvT aseve qarTvelebsgvarSecvlil qarTvelebisadmi _ “nasomxarebTan”(rogorc TviTon uwodeben) _ `eg ra qarTvelebiarian, ratom aiRes aseTi gvarebi _ Tavaduri”.Cven _ pozitiuria, isini _ negatiuri.mecnierebi (sociologebi, eTnologebi, fsiqologebi),romlebic Rrmad ikvleven am sakiTxebs, midiandaskvnamde, rom erTa daaxloeba-integracia sakmaodrTuli procesia da daaxloebis Sedegic ufro metaduaryofiTia (amis saukeTeso magaliTia sabWoTa kavSiriTavisi `Zmuri kavSiriT” da “сближением наций”). dromkargad gamoavlina, rogor gadaiqca sabWoeTis `ZmurikavSiri” antikavSirad da konfliqtis eskalaciiswyarod. amitom sazogadoebam unda miaRwios imas,rom es urTierTsapirispiro da gansxvavebuli miiRosrogorc aseTi, Tugind es moxdes kritikuli daSemoqmedebiTi midgomiT. amis ganxorcieleba ufrogaadvilebulia ekonomikurad gamarTul <strong>polieTnikur</strong>regionSi.eTnocentrizmi, d. macumotos mixedviT, warmoadgensnormalur fsiqologiur funqcias da Cvenicxovrebis aucilebel nawils. eTnocentrizmi arSeiZleba mxolod uaryofiTi niSniT warmovadginoT,es aris sakuTari kulturis filtris meSveobiTsamyaros Sefasebis tendencia. d. macumotos miaCna,rom amgvari filtrebi yvela adamians gaaCnia da,amdenad, samyaroSi Tu msofloSi yvela CvenTaganieTnocentristia (Мацумото, 2008: 104). socializaciisprocesSi yoveli CvenTagani iTvisebs Cvevis garkvulmodelebs, aRqmisa da interpretaciis Taviseburebas,rac kulturiT aris gansazRvruli. es adamianisganviTarebis bunebrivi procesia. amdenad, TavisTavadeTnocentrizmi arc cudia da arc kargi, is asaxavsrealobas, arsebul viTarebas (Мацумото, 2008: 104).rodesac Sens jgufs afaseb obieqturad da,amasTanave, ginda da cdilob, ~sxva” jgufis Taviseburebebiaseve Seafaso _ es aris keTilganwyobili damoqnili eTnocentrizmi.362 363
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aTaSorisi urTierTobaTa problemebi,
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usafrTxoeba _ Tavdacvis regulirebis
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10. B a r t h F. Introduction//Ethn
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mogvianebiT gaCnda istoriul-geograf
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gaizoma yoveli administraciuli dana
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lamaliTac dakanonebuli iyo am princ
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1986: 92, 106, 111, 144). mniSvnelo
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Cans (saqarTvelos istoriis 1973: 22
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somxebi. erT-erTi yvelaze Zveli da
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somxebi araTu Tavis nebiT, Zaldatan
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erzrumis safaSodan, kegis sanjayida
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eTnologma lamara faSaevam kvlevis S
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gasaxleba ruseTidan. maT Soris yvel
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osebis umetesoba, rogorc Cvens mier
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gardabnis r-nSi _ 6, marneulis r-nS
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saTvis: wyaldidobam da mewyerma gam
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useTisken ibrunes piri _ gamoTavisu
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qvemo qarTlis toponimikazemoT araer
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is oromaSenma~, meore SemTxvevaSi _
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yof. demurlo _ xaxaljvaria;yof. asa
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erovnebis warmomadgenlebi (rusebi,
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gaswvriv da maSin Camosaxlda sofeli
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adre moZiebuli masalebis gamoyenebi
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dmanisis r-is mosaxleobis 74,4% aze
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39. C i q o v a n i g., 2008 _ 1010
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aRweris SedegebiT dafiqsirda qveyni
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lobis mamakaci, romelic afiSirebs q
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uli empiriuli masala aCvenebs, sakv
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adgan religia jgufTaSoris gadamwyve
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laparakoben qarTulad (SeiZleba Cven
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mwifoebSic xsenebuli koncefciebi po
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kargi qarTuliT laparakobda da buneb
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globaluri kulturuli elementebis gam
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_ Cven sofelSi, marTalia, aravin ar
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omelic gamogvxedavs iq wavalT. es a
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ludis yidva SegviZlia, egec ar SeuZ
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muslimTa nawili Tavis loialobas rel
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gvirgvinianidan Tanamedrove sacxovr
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Semcirda leviratisa da sororatis Se
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tabiT) warmoadgens (mag. marneulis
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masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis
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aRsaniSnavia, rom regionSi svanebis
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1. dominanti kulturebi ubiZgebs umc
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ucxo mentalitetsa da kulturasTan Se
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am SemTxvevis Sesaxeb bolniseli inf
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gamoZieba daiwyo, magram sasamarTlo
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om dapirispireba, romelsac eTnikuri
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procesSi kulturebi Tavad gamoimuSav
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dineba kacs, aq darCenasac azri aqv
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iSviaTia. amdenad, azerbaijaneli um
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xasiaTdebian da, amdenad, isini rel
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adgan saqarTvelosTan xarT, TurqeTTa
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qmris, aramed, orives mxridan sanaT
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interpersonaluri urTierTobisaTvis Z
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da warwerebiT, xandaxan Robeebs saf
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ulad cxovreba, am formiT interkul-t
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eligiuri orientacia polieTnikursazo
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ebi, romlebic xSirad dakavSirebulia
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iqac Semogivardeba da iqave gamogWr
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eTnikuri da religiuri kursi, ris ga
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yofili muslimani (aWareli) da qrist
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