socialuri usafrTxoebis eTnikuri aspeqtebi polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi

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macias eqvemdebareba tradiciuli sistemis TiTqmisyvela elementi. globalizaciis gacxovelebuliprocesi, romelic adamianuri kontaqtebis da kulturulurTierTobaTa gaaqtiurebis fonze mimdinareobs,ganapirobebs adre SedarebiT izolirebuli kulturulisistemebis gaxsnas. yovelive amas emateba isgaremoebac, rom Tanamedrove teqnologiebi migraciaSiwasul adamianebsac ki (romlebic sakmaod mravalricxovaniarian) aZleven aq darCenil erTobiswevrebTan intensiuri urTierTobis saSualebas.savele eTnografiuli masaliT dasturdeba, romqvemo qarTlis polikulturul regionSi xdebakulturaTaSorisi urTierTobebis strategiis gamomuSaveba,rac socialuri distanciis garkveulSemcirebas ganapirobebs. amasTanave, gansxvavebulijgufebis Tanacxovrebis praqtika social-ekonomikurisgarda kulturuli xasiaTis kavSirurTier-Tobebsa da urTierTzegavlenaSic gamoixateba.zemoT ganxiluli socialuri, ekonomikuri dasxva faqtorebis mogvarebasTan erTad regionissazogadoebis integraciis, fsiqologiuri klimatisgajansaRebis, daZabulobis ganmuxtvisa da polieTnikurisazogadoebis mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis erTerTmeqanizmad interkulturuli ganaTleba gvevlineba.arsebul viTarebaSi eTnikuri umciresobebissazogadoebrivi integraciisTvis metad mniSvnelovaniaara mxolod is, rom maT Seiswavlon saxelmwifoena da dauaxlovdnen qarTul kulturas, aramed maTitradiciebis, faseulobebis, cxovrebis wesisa da a.S.Seswavla, dominanti jgufis wevrebis mier. aucilebelia,sazogadoebis dominantur nawilSi umciresobismimarT fsiqologiuri mimReblobis ganviTarebada am TvalsazrisiT samoqalaqo cnobierebis donezeqveynis eTnikuri mravalferovnebis gaazreba. ammiznis miRwevis erT-erT saukeTeso meqanizmadinterkulturuli ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebada danergvaa miCneuli. interkulturuli ganaTlebamimarTulia rogorc umravlesobis, aseve umciresobebiswarmomadgenlebs Camouyalibos iseTi socialuricnobiereba da faseulobaTa sistema, romelicuzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva kulturaTa mSvidobianTanaarsebobas da maT warmatebul integraciaspolieTnikur sazogadoebaSi.440 441
INSTEAD OF A CONCLUSIONThe establishment of civil society is one of the most importantobjectives for Georgia following the path of democratic developmentafter gaining independence. Despite the transformation of the Sovietsocio-political and economic infrastructure some barriers still existin this respect. The processes of democratization and developmentof the civil society is significantly complicated by multi-ethnicenvironment, multiculturalism and the problems related to the widearray of ethnic minorities in the country. In this regard, Kvemo Kartliis a distinguished region.Historically the migration of foreign ethnic groups (especially sincethe first half of the 19 th century) and voluntary or forced resettlementof local population was frequent in the region. Georgians and therepresentatives of various ethnic groups (Azeri, Armenians, Greeks,Germans, Osetians, Russians, etc.) had lived in the neighborhoodmainly in isolated compact settlements for centuries. Today thepopulation of all districts in Kvemo (Lower) Kartli (Bolnisi,Dmanisi, Tetritskharo, Marneuli, Gardabani, Tsalka) is distinguishedby their different ethnic and religious orientation. Due to thissituation intercultural communication is not similar and, accordingly,the integration process of ethnic minorities is complicated. Thesituation is even more complicated by the fact that Georgians, whichare to maintain integration of the minorities into the state’s dominantculture, are not leading in some way in the region. Such conditions,both theoretically and practically cause serious problems forrealization of the policy of civil integration of the minorities. Besides,implementation of the integration strategy in poly-ethniccommunities necessitates preliminarily worked out positive multiculturalideology.Georgian state policy is aimed at integration of minorities into thestate space. It is a hard task in Kvemo Kartli, because the multiculturalinfrastructure of the region does not form favorableconditions in this direction. Permanent migration and immigrationprocesses have made the ethno-cultural mosaic of the region evenmore diverse and extended the adaptation-acculturation rates. Themigration of the Georgian population since the 1990’s and“intrusion” of “foreign” element in the region has upset the previousbalance in the region.The adaptation of migrants to the new cultural environment was acomplex process, where ethnocentric mechanisms were activelyinvolved; it inspired (mainly in the beginning) conflicts betweenthe different ethnic groups. In the areas where different ethno-culturalgroups coexist the probability of opposition between them is higher.Intersection of their interests causes inter-cultural confrontationsand even conflicts. Conflict in the research region could be regardedas a result not only of cultural clash or competition but, too, asdisruption of communication between them. The appearance ofGeorgian groups (Svans, Adzharians, Imeretians, etc.) in the regionwas perceived as a strategy of Georgian nationalistic policy andthus not endorsed by the locals. The local groups were aware oftheir advantages, for they were in the majority in the region andenjoyed certain privileges. They were hostile towards the group,who tried to attain the first place on the ethnic background (beingGeorgian) as if pushing away the privileged ones. Confrontationand conflict between the locals and migrated people were frequent.Initially the confrontations had ethno-centric basis; lack ofcommunication was also an issue. The latter was caused by the lackof Georgian language knowledge and ignorance of the newcomers’cultural values. Later, when these new groups settled firmly in theregion and were already involved in its economic and social life,the major factor of confrontation has become their material interests.Today the main focus lies on economic problems, especially landownership issues, which are equally important to the Georgian andnon-Georgian population. The past experience of inter-groupconflicts confirms that any confrontation having non- ethnic biascould be easily developed into ethnic conflict. The tension hasoccurred mainly in those settlements, where the mentioned groups442 443
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aTaSorisi urTierTobaTa problemebi,
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usafrTxoeba _ Tavdacvis regulirebis
Page 14 and 15:
10. B a r t h F. Introduction//Ethn
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mogvianebiT gaCnda istoriul-geograf
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gaizoma yoveli administraciuli dana
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lamaliTac dakanonebuli iyo am princ
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1986: 92, 106, 111, 144). mniSvnelo
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Cans (saqarTvelos istoriis 1973: 22
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somxebi. erT-erTi yvelaze Zveli da
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somxebi araTu Tavis nebiT, Zaldatan
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erzrumis safaSodan, kegis sanjayida
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eTnologma lamara faSaevam kvlevis S
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gasaxleba ruseTidan. maT Soris yvel
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osebis umetesoba, rogorc Cvens mier
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gardabnis r-nSi _ 6, marneulis r-nS
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saTvis: wyaldidobam da mewyerma gam
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useTisken ibrunes piri _ gamoTavisu
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qvemo qarTlis toponimikazemoT araer
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is oromaSenma~, meore SemTxvevaSi _
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yof. demurlo _ xaxaljvaria;yof. asa
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erovnebis warmomadgenlebi (rusebi,
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gaswvriv da maSin Camosaxlda sofeli
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adre moZiebuli masalebis gamoyenebi
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dmanisis r-is mosaxleobis 74,4% aze
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39. C i q o v a n i g., 2008 _ 1010
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aRweris SedegebiT dafiqsirda qveyni
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lobis mamakaci, romelic afiSirebs q
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uli empiriuli masala aCvenebs, sakv
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adgan religia jgufTaSoris gadamwyve
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laparakoben qarTulad (SeiZleba Cven
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mwifoebSic xsenebuli koncefciebi po
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kargi qarTuliT laparakobda da buneb
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globaluri kulturuli elementebis gam
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_ Cven sofelSi, marTalia, aravin ar
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omelic gamogvxedavs iq wavalT. es a
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ludis yidva SegviZlia, egec ar SeuZ
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muslimTa nawili Tavis loialobas rel
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gvirgvinianidan Tanamedrove sacxovr
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Semcirda leviratisa da sororatis Se
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tabiT) warmoadgens (mag. marneulis
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masalebi saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis
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aRsaniSnavia, rom regionSi svanebis
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1. dominanti kulturebi ubiZgebs umc
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ucxo mentalitetsa da kulturasTan Se
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am SemTxvevis Sesaxeb bolniseli inf
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gamoZieba daiwyo, magram sasamarTlo
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om dapirispireba, romelsac eTnikuri
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procesSi kulturebi Tavad gamoimuSav
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dineba kacs, aq darCenasac azri aqv
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iSviaTia. amdenad, azerbaijaneli um
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xasiaTdebian da, amdenad, isini rel
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adgan saqarTvelosTan xarT, TurqeTTa
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qmris, aramed, orives mxridan sanaT
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interpersonaluri urTierTobisaTvis Z
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da warwerebiT, xandaxan Robeebs saf
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ulad cxovreba, am formiT interkul-t
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eligiuri orientacia polieTnikursazo
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ebi, romlebic xSirad dakavSirebulia
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iqac Semogivardeba da iqave gamogWr
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eTnikuri da religiuri kursi, ris ga
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yofili muslimani (aWareli) da qrist
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moikides fexi. Tumca zogierT jgufSi
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yvelafers, rasac ieRova iTxovs Cemg
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om Tu keTili neba aris da gaazrebul
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14. j a n i a S v i l i lavrenti, q
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skolis administraciis momzadebaze m
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ganaTlebis realizaciisas (Gass, Sel
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kompetenturoba, maRali statusi da
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jgufebisagan fsiqologiuri, socialur
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mwifo enis aTvisebis EerT-erT mniSv
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Sereuli ojaxebis warmomadgenlebi, m
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13. Ст ефа н енко Г.Т.,
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socialuri erToba, sruliad gansxvave
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dabal xarisxs. eTnikuri jgufebi erT
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aranakleb mniSvnelovani da axalmosa
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Tvisebebi mogwonT yvelaze metad? b)
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unda aRiniSnos, rom urTierTobis six
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urTierTobaSi yoveldRiurobaSi ar gva
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ogorc savele masalis analizma gviCv
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om datovon”. “ena ar ician, ra
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“sxva” aris_svani. “is, rom s
Page 172 and 173: literatura:1. g o m e l a u r i m.,
Page 174 and 175: uwyobs xels. mozardebis eTnikuri id
Page 176 and 177: genlebi amaxvileben yuradRebas. maT
Page 178 and 179: ki Seewira. saflavis qvebis epitafi
Page 180 and 181: fokus jgufebSi muSaobisas “erovnu
Page 182 and 183: mis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan Se
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Page 186 and 187: tendenciis _ samyaros `Tavisianebad
Page 188 and 189: gamonaTqvamebi: es Cveni qveyanaa;
Page 190 and 191: `mtris xati~ ayalibebs winaswar gan
Page 192 and 193: ganixilaven eTnikuri jgufebis arseb
Page 194 and 195: principebs, magram amas ara marto o
Page 196 and 197: mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis magivrad
Page 198 and 199: karnaxobs erTi mxare, meore ki eqve
Page 200 and 201: aseTi suraTi miuTiTebs daxurul, nak
Page 202 and 203: interviu #1dmanisilia _ batono XX,
Page 204 and 205: Tqven ambobT, rom sul sxvadasxva xa
Page 206 and 207: espon. _ maSaveraSi ki.lia _ somxur
Page 208 and 209: interviu #2dmanisilia _ ar gaqvT su
Page 210 and 211: literatura:1. m e l i q i S v i l i
Page 212 and 213: xSiri iyo dapirispireba da konfliqt
Page 214 and 215: SeiZleba ufro kulturis daxurul tips
Page 216 and 217: ZiriTadi tipis sawarmo iyo: mevenax
Page 218 and 219: arxi saerTod ganadgurebulia. sof. s
Page 220 and 221: 2. socialuri distanciis da informac
Page 224 and 225: interact frequently. There were and
Page 226 and 227: predestined to marginal status, eve
Page 228 and 229: 4. Socio-economic factors play sign
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socialuri usafrTxoebis eTnikuri aspeqtebi polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi

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