socialuri usafrTxoebis eTnikuri aspeqtebi polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi

called “key money” – up to 500 GEL and earned the rightto temporarily live in the house);b) The newcomer has negotiated with the Greek owner tolive in the house and care for the residence and graves;c) The newcomer has seized the empty property, althoughalmost all ecomigrants are considered temporary residentsin the locked houses (some have lived with the status for20 years).The described situation has the following history:In the 90ies of the past century, when Greeks had been repatriated,they started selling houses according to fair prices of that period(within 500 USD range). Then ecomigrants had not had the meansor wish to purchase these houses. Afterwards ecomigrants startedcoming to Tsalka in an organized and at the same time chaotic way.They purchased whole houses or their parts. As time passed thenumber of families from the “red zone” (especially – Khulo district)had increased and the price for houses correspondingly increased.Ecomigrants could not afford to buy the property and the state didnot provide for the housing. Meanwhile the repatriated Greeks hadmaterially prospered and the sum offered by Georgian government(around 2000 EURO) could not satisfy them. The majority preferredto preserve some real estate and at present almost nobody sells ahouse (if they do, the price is around 10 000 USD).The land problem in the region is acute. The transients use the landtemporarily. The situation is especially tense in regard of pastures,grasslands and arable lands. The major part of the land is rented andit could not be sold. The ecomigrants could only cultivate hundredsof hectares of land only after paying the price – in cash or in kind.This situation only complicates the conditions of the alreadysuffering new settlers. Ecomigrants have in possession onlyresidential plot (as a rule, unregistered, from 600 to 2000-2500 orrarely 3000 Square meters), which only merely supplies the family’sminimal means of subsistenceLocal administration often outlines that illegal land tenure byecomigrants is against the law “on the protection of the privateproperty”. The execution of law undoubtedly is correct, but whatshould a farmer do who nowadays calls himself a slave and theleaseholders – “slaveholders”?! So the issue of the fairness of theleasing of the rented land should be revised.Unorganized settlement caused one more problem. It is vague whatthe proportion between the amount of land in possession of anindividual village (pasture, grassland, arable land) and the numberof population should be. There are villages with scarce populationand abundance of land, while densely populated villages are lackingit.Regulation of the rational number of population is a significant factorin social development. Disbalance of population and materialresources inspires confrontation and conflict. Control ofdemographic situation is the internal prerogative of the society. Itcould be said that demographic situation had been regulated bytraditions for centuries. An individual has allocated important placefor demography in his own culture it is one of the means of savingnot only entire society but separate individuals.Change of demographic situation, especially through artificialintrusion and without prior study, disrupts many social conditionscausing various confrontations, which, in its turn, hamper theestablishment of a healthy poly-ethnic society.The following characteristics of ethnical groups could bedistinguished in the region at this stage:1. Close system of each ethnical group causes its isolation andminimal contact;2. Social distance and low level of information is also causedby language barrier;3. A significant even leading factor is difference in religion;450 451