The Turco-Mongol Invasions and the Lords of Armenia in the 13 ...

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Huaaeinov, R., "La conquete de 1'Azerbaldjan par lea Seldjoucidea", Bedi Karthliaa 48-49 vol. IIX-IX (1965). lakanyan, V.K., "Arcrunyac * artagatt'i masin [On the Arcrunid Emigration]". PBH fS (19657. Jalalean, S., Canaparhordut *iwn i meen Hayaetan [Journey to Greater Armenia] I(!rifTlB'.184nT illTiflie, 1858). Kazhdan, A.P., Armiane v aoatave goapodatvuiUBhchego klaaaa Yizantii Vizantii v XI-X XI-XIl"Vv.[Armenians in the Compoaition of '? ibe the SuTing G^TasF'of'BT' " " ~~~ HoacoV, 1975): Kirakoayan, G.E., * Ma tenagi takan tetekut 'yunne [Bibliographical hi Information on the Eop eanaj PBtrgl (1969). Korkhmazian, 3. M., Armianakaia miniatiura Kryma [Armenian Miniatures of Crimea]. (Erevan. 1978). Kurdian, H., "Mamikoneanneri Daet 8u3^9[The Dael Branch of the Mamikoneana]". Bazmavep (1956). iafadaryan, K., "Patmahnagitakan ditotut'yunner nor Berdi Kyurikyanneri isxanut yan masln LHiatoriographical Observations on the Xiwrikean Principality of Nor Berd]", Te^ekagir #4-5 (19*0). Lalayan, £., "Siaian". Azgagrakan Handea (1899). "Ganjaki gawa? [The Diatrict of Ganjak]", Azgagrakan Laurent, !>1.J,, "Byzane et Antioche aoua le curopalate Philarete", REA IX (1929). le Strange, G., Mesopotamia and Peraia under the Mongola in the Fourteenth Century A.I). (London, 1903). Ligeti, L. "Le Lexique noneol de Kirakos de Gandzak", Acta Orientalia Kungarica. XVIII (I9c?). Lordkipanidze, .;.!>., Istoriia gruzii jCI-naehala XIII beka L^he History of Georgia 1'roa the Xivc the bebinnin^ of the XIII Century], (ibiITs7.T974TT — 304
Manandyan, H.A., Feodalizma hin Hayastanum [Feudalism.- Sa . Ancient Armenia] . (Erevan. 1934). K 'nnakan tesut 'yun Hay £otovrdi patmut 'yan [Critical gurvey gurvey of the History of the Armenian People J. vol.3 (Erevan, 1952). The Trade and Cities of Armenia in Connection Ancient World Trade. NTG.Garsoian, trana. t Ls 1965). Margaryan, H.G., "Mi^feodalakan payk'ara Georgi Ill-i Samanak ev K'urd amirapeta [The Inter-Feudal Struggle Tn the TTme" of Georgi III, and the Amirapet K'urd]", Lraber #11 (1975). - Uarr, K. la., "Arkaun. mongol'ekoe nazvanie khristian[Arkaun, the Mongolian Designation for Christians]". Vigantilakil Vremenik XII (1905). ~ i.Iasse, K., "Le sultan seldjoukide Key ko bad ler et I'Armenie", REA IX(1929). Melikoff, I., " Georgi ens et Armenians dans la litterature epique des Turcs d'Anatolie", Bedi Karthlisa 36-37 n.s. XI -XII (1961). La Geste de, Melik Danismend (Paris, I960). Melik'set '-Bek, L. , "Geragoyn datarani ev datavarut *yan masin 2ak 'arean Hayastanun COn the Supreme Court and Legal Frocedings in Zak arid Armenia] ".Teiekagir #3-4(1945). - Vrac ' a.^byurnera Hayastani ev hayeri masin C Georgian Sources on Armenia and on the Armenians], vol. A (Erevan, 1934), vol7~5 TErevan, 1936). Kikaelian, G.G., latoriia Kilikiiskogo Armianskogo gosudarstva [History of the Cilieian Armenian StateT. (Erevan, 1952). Minorsky, V., Studies in Caucasian History (London, 1953). 305
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This is an authorized facsimile and
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INFORMATION TO USERS This was produ
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ABSTRACT TEE TURCO-MONGOL INVASIONS
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socio-economic and political histor
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INTRODUCTION The history of Greater
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If the history of 13-l4tfa century
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In recent times a number of Armenia
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themselves. In this case, as in cha
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This study, therefore, provides inf
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ut precisely that narrow scope and
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nobility. Nonetheless, their works
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al-Athir bad little to say about Ar
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their Church . Considerably less im
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Accounts made by four 13-l4tb centu
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at the beginning and toward the end
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in the year 1241/42 (690 A.E. )„.
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Ganjakee'i's Hiatory of Armenia is
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the Diane Abaga and Berke (1266/67)
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?snakan, and to the prince of princ
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from personal acquaintance with the
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year of Step'annos' birth is not kn
Page 43 and 44:
In chapter 73 of the History the au
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to Cilicia, he wrote; ...But when S
Page 47 and 48:
The HNA differs from the works of o
Page 49 and 50:
.that Grigor learned the meanings o
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y his student Xirakos Banaser (the
Page 53 and 54:
The History of Tamerlane and His Su
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more important even than Samuel's o
Page 57 and 58:
In addition to the more lengthy chr
Page 59 and 60:
Colophons of the 13-l4th Centuries
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Inscriptions The late 13th century
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eastern Asia Minor further enchance
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Of the various sources considered t
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It was mentioned at the beginning o
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The major Georgian soureea, the His
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CHAPTER TWO ARMENIA AND THE TURCO-M
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earliest references to Turkish atta
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15C000 Turkmens from the Urmiah are
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Just as the Turkish conquests of Ar
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differentiation it remains true, no
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northward (into Georgia) . The naxa
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and overwhelmingly Armenian in the
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members and these "fiefdoms" quickl
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p. The politleal, social and econom
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The establishment of Turkish politi
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them "Armenians" . However, it must
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8 the Saljuq sultans and rulers of
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Saljuq architecture not only took a
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9 Maakaberdelle not only commanded
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Th» great demographic, military, a
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9 before the Georgians (HP p. 50).
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his pursuers and had, in fact, died
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97 first penetration of the Mongols
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etrospect, this Mongol campaign, co
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different parts of the Caucasus unt
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said: 'This is not the work of man
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of Ganjak, Lori, and Tiflis in whic
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had lasted seven years. Not only di
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However, none of the enemy entered
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As will be aeen in the next chapter
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their base in Azarbaijan, but retur
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The defeat of the Saljuqs at K3se D
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formal taxes had been imposed on Ar
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of the Great Khan Gtiytik himself,
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king wanted to rebel with all the p
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causes of the unrest remained unadd
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Another administrative change occur
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This unruly group also caused much
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Dawit', son of Lasa, who was subjec
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During the reign of Htilegtt'a son
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their particular districts were exp
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sons and all his company of soldier
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It is a known fact that at the time
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Hie depredations in Georgia and Arm
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Among the ephemeral changes institu
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Following the death of Abu Sa'id in
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north to Khan Jani-3eg of the Golde
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eturned north via Shirvan. With the
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either the registers were extermina
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The country hardly had recovered fr
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Although the focus of this chapter
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hope for protection, or even for eq
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Toumanoff . Host important, the ess
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It is not .our purpose here (and in
Page 169 and 170:
inscription (1215) of one meeatun.
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Unlike the territorial units of Ars
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165 Under the jurisdiction of atabe
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married to Vaxt'ang lord of lagen d
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The Kaxarars and the Invasions of t
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was unwilling . The Armenian and Ge
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ut at least in one instance, the po
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Mongols is recounted variously by t
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GA: "Thereafter when the wise princ
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enriched specifically after crushin
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In theory as well as in practice, t
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...How [the Khan] gave to king Davi
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MSngke: ...With Sartakh was the pio
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Some naxarara—notably those enjoy
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elc'i, HttlegU utilized Armenian me
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During the Mongol domination de-nax
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Aibula Gageli, and Sargls T'mogveli
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expendable, they usually designated
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military man XarsayiS Orbelean by A
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troops remained on alert in Mughan
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next year, Zak'are was murdered „
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The initial Mongol expedition of 12
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elements in the army learned about
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villages around Melitene/Malatya ,
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part* of the Armenian highlands, at
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itions of Nauruz (1295/96) during t
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Hat* was captured by Turkmans in 13
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and western Armenia were used almos
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dinars ae set down in the registers
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Bayburt and Sebastia/SivasJ Qara-Qo
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lands to religious establishments u
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_ Remember too that your brother, t
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come to his aid against the lurk, a
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through Naxijewan, Juia, through A*
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is Italy are not unknown. In the 14
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The sane may be true of Malak'ia's
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The Timurids forced certain princes
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in aouthweatern Armenia in the earl
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At the beginning of this chapter it
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CONCLUSION Thia study has examined
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destroy and move on had to be fough
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The nobility of the Zak'arid reviva
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..cOur own analysis justifies [Zore
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submerged by the egalitariansio of
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APPENDIX A Supplementary Hotea on t
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er hayreneac * iwroc * yawura nora)
Page 261 and 262: The emigration of Armenians to Geor
Page 263 and 264: to counter Orbelean influence by ad
Page 265 and 266: The Armenophile David III who ruled
Page 267 and 268: While the study concerns the 13-14t
Page 269 and 270: eparapet" in the sources . As Babay
Page 271 and 272: Xalbakean-Froeeani. Babayan reasona
Page 273 and 274: Patron Xawfas, son of Aair Sargis,
Page 275 and 276: 1291 to 1318 a system of collegial
Page 277 and 278: Sfflbat may have had elements of an
Page 279 and 280: The birth of their son Demitre crea
Page 281 and 282: the king's action, reminiscent of E
Page 283 and 284: According to the History of K'art *
Page 285 and 286: especially those living and working
Page 287 and 288: A third source of conflict came fro
Page 289 and 290: APPENDIX C Hotea on the Relations b
Page 291 and 292: his student Kirakos, and many other
Page 293 and 294: were possessed by devils and were s
Page 295 and 296: fhe fact that Hasan, subsequently "
Page 297 and 298: impostor claimed that: ...he had be
Page 299 and 300: la my opinion, the lord mentioned a
Page 301 and 302: I. Sources Bibliography AL Aristake
Page 303 and 304: Ibn Bibi Ibn Bibi, Die Seltsohukeng
Page 305 and 306: Trans. : Collection d1historians ar
Page 307 and 308: II. Literature Abelyan, M., Erker [
Page 309 and 310: 301 Sotsial 'no-akonomicheskaia i p
Page 311: Galatyan, A.G., "The Conquest of Ar
Page 315 and 316: Sahnazarean, A., "Zak'arean tohmi c
Page 317 and 318: 'uriyan, H.G., "Sah-i-Armenner CThe
Page 319 and 320: amir-hejub amir-spaaalar kat'oiikos
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