The Turco-Mongol Invasions and the Lords of Armenia in the 13 ...

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"Sah Armenneri anirayut *yuna Xlat'un [The Emirate oFThe Shah Armens at Xlat 'T"7"HTP ch.28. "Xedenekyan Arcruninera Yaapurakanum [The Xedenekean Arcrunids in Yaspurakan]".HAP ch. 28. "Zak'aria ev lyanei arabatar arrlanagrut 'yuna anberdum [Zak'aria's and I wane's Inscription in Arabic from Anberd]", PBH #1 (1971). Thomson, R.W. , "The Influence of their Environment on the Armenians in Exile^in the Eleventh Century* . Congrea international des etudea byzantines. 13th (Oxford, Togan, A.Z.V., "Still Missing Works of Raahid al-Din", Central Asiatic Journal #9 (1964). T'op'uzyan, 5. X., "MiWetk'i ev Aaorik'i haykakan gatt'avayrera [Armenian Settlements in Mesopotamia and Syria] " , HAP ch. 30. Toumanoff, C., "Armenia and Georgia", The Cambridge Medieval History, vol. IV. The Byzantine Empire, part I (Cambridge, 1966) cE7 XIV. "Background to Mantzikert", Congress (Oxford, 1967). "Caucasia and Byzantium", Iraditio 27 (1971). "The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia", Iraditio 7 (1949-51). "The Mamikonids and the Liparltids", Armeniaca (Venice, 1969). "Medieval Georgian Historical Literature (Vll-XVth Centuries)", Traditio 1 (1943). 308 Studies in Christian Caucasian History (Georgetown. 1963) .
'uriyan, H.G., "Sah-i-Armenner CThe Shah-i-ArmenaT' PBH #4(196*77 -- Ulubabyan 197DCBMHTT in Asia the a"Angel ea , "Seljuk Gulama and Ottoman Devshirmes " , Per Islam XLI (1965). -- Xafikyan, L.S. ."Syunyac ' Srbelyanneri Burt * _ [The Biwrt el ean Branch of the Siwnid Orbeleana] " , BM #9 (1969). ch. 1. HAP "Hayaatani k'atak'akan viZaka ev aoe 'ial-tnteaakan haraberut'yunnera XIY-XlPdarerum [Armenia's Political Situation and Socio-Economic Relations in the XlV-XVth Centuries]", HAP IV ch. 1. Yovsep'ean, G., "Nor niwt'er T'oyma Mecop'ec'u kenaagrut'ean hamar [New Materials feJr the BTograpEy of T "ovma MeHop'ec'i]", Ararat (1913). Potomatvo Tarsaicha Orbellana iL Mina-Khatuny [The Posterity of Tarsayi 5 Orbelean"~and Mina-Khatun] , Khristianakii Voatok. II (1913). Xajbakeank ' kam Proa eank* CThe Xa^bakeans or Proaeans] (Anteliaa, 19^9*) reprint oFThe 1928 editl tion. Yuzbalyan, K.N., "Deilemity v povestvovanii Aristakesa Laetiverttsl [The BaiTamitea in Aristakes Laatlvertc'i'a Narration]", Paleatinskii Sbornik #7 (1962). 309
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This is an authorized facsimile and
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INFORMATION TO USERS This was produ
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ABSTRACT TEE TURCO-MONGOL INVASIONS
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socio-economic and political histor
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INTRODUCTION The history of Greater
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If the history of 13-l4tfa century
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In recent times a number of Armenia
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themselves. In this case, as in cha
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This study, therefore, provides inf
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ut precisely that narrow scope and
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nobility. Nonetheless, their works
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al-Athir bad little to say about Ar
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their Church . Considerably less im
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Accounts made by four 13-l4tb centu
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at the beginning and toward the end
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in the year 1241/42 (690 A.E. )„.
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Ganjakee'i's Hiatory of Armenia is
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the Diane Abaga and Berke (1266/67)
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?snakan, and to the prince of princ
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from personal acquaintance with the
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year of Step'annos' birth is not kn
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In chapter 73 of the History the au
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to Cilicia, he wrote; ...But when S
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The HNA differs from the works of o
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.that Grigor learned the meanings o
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y his student Xirakos Banaser (the
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The History of Tamerlane and His Su
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more important even than Samuel's o
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In addition to the more lengthy chr
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Colophons of the 13-l4th Centuries
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Inscriptions The late 13th century
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eastern Asia Minor further enchance
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Of the various sources considered t
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It was mentioned at the beginning o
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The major Georgian soureea, the His
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CHAPTER TWO ARMENIA AND THE TURCO-M
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earliest references to Turkish atta
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15C000 Turkmens from the Urmiah are
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Just as the Turkish conquests of Ar
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differentiation it remains true, no
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northward (into Georgia) . The naxa
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and overwhelmingly Armenian in the
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members and these "fiefdoms" quickl
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p. The politleal, social and econom
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The establishment of Turkish politi
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them "Armenians" . However, it must
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8 the Saljuq sultans and rulers of
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Saljuq architecture not only took a
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9 Maakaberdelle not only commanded
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Th» great demographic, military, a
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9 before the Georgians (HP p. 50).
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his pursuers and had, in fact, died
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97 first penetration of the Mongols
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etrospect, this Mongol campaign, co
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different parts of the Caucasus unt
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said: 'This is not the work of man
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of Ganjak, Lori, and Tiflis in whic
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had lasted seven years. Not only di
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However, none of the enemy entered
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As will be aeen in the next chapter
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their base in Azarbaijan, but retur
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The defeat of the Saljuqs at K3se D
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formal taxes had been imposed on Ar
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of the Great Khan Gtiytik himself,
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king wanted to rebel with all the p
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causes of the unrest remained unadd
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Another administrative change occur
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This unruly group also caused much
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Dawit', son of Lasa, who was subjec
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During the reign of Htilegtt'a son
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their particular districts were exp
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sons and all his company of soldier
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It is a known fact that at the time
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Hie depredations in Georgia and Arm
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Among the ephemeral changes institu
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Following the death of Abu Sa'id in
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north to Khan Jani-3eg of the Golde
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eturned north via Shirvan. With the
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either the registers were extermina
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The country hardly had recovered fr
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Although the focus of this chapter
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hope for protection, or even for eq
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Toumanoff . Host important, the ess
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It is not .our purpose here (and in
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inscription (1215) of one meeatun.
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Unlike the territorial units of Ars
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165 Under the jurisdiction of atabe
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married to Vaxt'ang lord of lagen d
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The Kaxarars and the Invasions of t
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was unwilling . The Armenian and Ge
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ut at least in one instance, the po
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Mongols is recounted variously by t
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GA: "Thereafter when the wise princ
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enriched specifically after crushin
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In theory as well as in practice, t
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...How [the Khan] gave to king Davi
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MSngke: ...With Sartakh was the pio
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Some naxarara—notably those enjoy
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elc'i, HttlegU utilized Armenian me
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During the Mongol domination de-nax
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Aibula Gageli, and Sargls T'mogveli
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expendable, they usually designated
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military man XarsayiS Orbelean by A
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troops remained on alert in Mughan
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next year, Zak'are was murdered „
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The initial Mongol expedition of 12
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elements in the army learned about
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villages around Melitene/Malatya ,
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part* of the Armenian highlands, at
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itions of Nauruz (1295/96) during t
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Hat* was captured by Turkmans in 13
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and western Armenia were used almos
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dinars ae set down in the registers
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Bayburt and Sebastia/SivasJ Qara-Qo
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lands to religious establishments u
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_ Remember too that your brother, t
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come to his aid against the lurk, a
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through Naxijewan, Juia, through A*
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is Italy are not unknown. In the 14
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The sane may be true of Malak'ia's
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The Timurids forced certain princes
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in aouthweatern Armenia in the earl
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At the beginning of this chapter it
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CONCLUSION Thia study has examined
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destroy and move on had to be fough
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The nobility of the Zak'arid reviva
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..cOur own analysis justifies [Zore
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submerged by the egalitariansio of
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APPENDIX A Supplementary Hotea on t
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er hayreneac * iwroc * yawura nora)
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The emigration of Armenians to Geor
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to counter Orbelean influence by ad
Page 265 and 266: The Armenophile David III who ruled
Page 267 and 268: While the study concerns the 13-14t
Page 269 and 270: eparapet" in the sources . As Babay
Page 271 and 272: Xalbakean-Froeeani. Babayan reasona
Page 273 and 274: Patron Xawfas, son of Aair Sargis,
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Page 277 and 278: Sfflbat may have had elements of an
Page 279 and 280: The birth of their son Demitre crea
Page 281 and 282: the king's action, reminiscent of E
Page 283 and 284: According to the History of K'art *
Page 285 and 286: especially those living and working
Page 287 and 288: A third source of conflict came fro
Page 289 and 290: APPENDIX C Hotea on the Relations b
Page 291 and 292: his student Kirakos, and many other
Page 293 and 294: were possessed by devils and were s
Page 295 and 296: fhe fact that Hasan, subsequently "
Page 297 and 298: impostor claimed that: ...he had be
Page 299 and 300: la my opinion, the lord mentioned a
Page 301 and 302: I. Sources Bibliography AL Aristake
Page 303 and 304: Ibn Bibi Ibn Bibi, Die Seltsohukeng
Page 305 and 306: Trans. : Collection d1historians ar
Page 307 and 308: II. Literature Abelyan, M., Erker [
Page 309 and 310: 301 Sotsial 'no-akonomicheskaia i p
Page 311 and 312: Galatyan, A.G., "The Conquest of Ar
Page 313 and 314: Manandyan, H.A., Feodalizma hin Hay
Page 315: Sahnazarean, A., "Zak'arean tohmi c
Page 319 and 320: amir-hejub amir-spaaalar kat'oiikos
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