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Philo of Alexandria - Books and Journals

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critical studies 2004 313<br />

20471.J.Lierman,The New Testament Moses, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen<br />

zum Neuen Testament 2.173 (Tübingen 2004).<br />

This study examines the ways in which the New Testament characterizes the<br />

relationship <strong>of</strong> Moses to Israel <strong>and</strong> to the Jewish people. Besides the NT, the<br />

author uses other sources, among whom is <strong>Philo</strong>, whose views on Moses are<br />

briefly presented throughout the study. In Mos. Moses is portrayed as king,<br />

philosopher, lawgiver, high priest, <strong>and</strong> prophet. His role as prophet was the<br />

foundation <strong>of</strong> Moses’ leadership <strong>of</strong> Israel. Inspired by God, he was also the author<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Law. <strong>Philo</strong> avoids the impression that Moses was divine, but at the same<br />

time he presents Moses as being <strong>of</strong> a different order than other mortals. The<br />

saying that Moses is as ‘god’ (Exod 7:1) has to be qualified. Moses’ death is<br />

described as a pilgrimage from earth to heaven. (ACG)<br />

20472.W.Loader,TheSeptuagint, Sexuality <strong>and</strong> the New Testament.<br />

Case studies on the Impact <strong>of</strong> the LXX on <strong>Philo</strong> <strong>and</strong> the New Testament<br />

(Gr<strong>and</strong> Rapids 2004).<br />

<strong>Philo</strong> plays a prominent role in this compact but well-researched monograph.<br />

Loader’s method is based on the close examination <strong>of</strong> texts, in the first instance<br />

comparing the LXX with its Hebrew original, then analyzing Greek texts in the<br />

New Testament, <strong>Philo</strong> <strong>and</strong> other Second Temple authors to see how they treat<br />

the scriptural text. The case studies examined deal with the areas <strong>of</strong> male–female<br />

relations <strong>and</strong> sexuality. They are the Decalogue, the creation account in Gen 1–<br />

3 (with 5:1–3 added), <strong>and</strong> the injunctions on divorce in Deut 24. In each case<br />

<strong>Philo</strong>nic texts are discussed. His interpretation <strong>of</strong> the Decalogue <strong>and</strong> esp. the<br />

tenth comm<strong>and</strong>ment reflects influences from Plato <strong>and</strong> the Stoics, but it is clear<br />

that the LXX is the basis for his exposition. <strong>Philo</strong>’s use <strong>of</strong> Gen 1–3 is extensive.<br />

Loader focuses on those texts that relate to his underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> sexuality. He<br />

follows the LXX in highlighting the hierarchy that exists between male <strong>and</strong><br />

female. Women are seen as a curse not so much in relation to 3:16, but through<br />

their creation in 2:21–25 <strong>and</strong> ultimately 1:26. ‘<strong>Philo</strong> necessarily portrays human<br />

beings, but especially women, as flawed by nature, particularly because <strong>of</strong> their<br />

sexuality (p. 69).’ As for Deut 24, <strong>Philo</strong>’s reading shows a shift <strong>of</strong> focus away<br />

from pollution to morality. Reviews: S. A. Brayford, CBQ 67 (2005) 354–355;<br />

T. E. Klutz, JSNT 27 (2005) 29; M. Rösel, ZATW 117 (2005) 462; A. C. Thiselton,<br />

JThS 56 (2005) 596–598; J. T. Williams, JSOT 29 (2005) 54–55; E. Reinmuth,<br />

ThLZ 131 (2006) 171–172; K. de Troyer, JSJ 37 (2006) 129–131; J. M. Dines, VT<br />

57 (2007) 131–132; W. Pilgrim, CurrThM 34 (2007) 218–219; L. A. Jervis, SPhA<br />

20 (2008) 234–236. (DTR)<br />

20473.J.Lust,Messianism <strong>and</strong> the Septuagint: Collected Essays,Bibliotheca<br />

Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 178 (Leuven 2004),<br />

esp. 81–86.

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