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E 3062 E 3192 E 3295 E 4467 E 4796 Sultan Ahmed'in Ali Paşa'nın Sivas yakınlarında Çubuk nam mahalde katl edildiğine ve ordunun durumunun iyi olmadığına dair mektubu Ali b. Abdülkerim Halife'nin memleket işlerine dair bir raporu Karaman Beylerbeyi Hüsrev Paşa'nın kızılbasların yenildiklerini bildiren mektubu Eşkıyanın Zile ve civarında halkı soyduklarını herşeylerini kaybeden halkın vergilerini ödeyemeyeceklerini bildir vesika Hızır Bey oğlu Ahmed'in padişahı Đran'a yürümeye teşvik eden bir yazısı 683 1511 1514 1510-20 1510-20 1510-20 E 5035 Sultan Korkuddan gelen sufinin ifadesi 1510-11 E 5293 E 543 E 5446 E 5452 E 5451 E 5460 Bayat'ta isyan eden Şah veli adındaki mülhid ile Anadolu Beylerbeyi Sadi Bey'in çarpışmasına dair Sadi Paşa'nın bir raporu Şehzade Selim'in Trabzon havalisinin verimsiz olduğu ve kendisine başka bir yer verilmesini istediğine dair arzı Kemah beyi Đskender Bey tarafından şam ahvalini tecessüs ederek bilgi edinmek üzere Bitlis'den Tebriz'e gönderilen ve dönen casusun Đstanbul'a gönderildiğine dair Bursa kadısı Eflatunzade'nin Alaeddin'in şehre girip yağmaladığı şehir halkı tarafından geri püskürtüldüğü yardım gönderilmesine dair arizası Bursa kadısı Ahmed'in Yeniçeri ağasına Tekedeki Đsyan hakkında mektubu Şah Đsmail'in Musa Durgutoğlu'na gönderdiği mektup: Şah değerli adamlarından Ahmed Karamanlu'yı o tarafa gönderdiğini ona tabi olunması ve birlikte hareket edilmesini emr ediyor. 1517 1509-10 E 5465 Erzincandan Tebriz'e kadar olan konaklar 1514 E 5469/2 Muhtemelen Diyarbakır Beylerbeyi Mahmud Paşa imzasıyla arz: Bağdad yakınlarında Kızlbaş esirlerin ifadesine göre Mısırın fethinden sonra Bagdada kaçan Canberd Gazzalinin Bağdad hakimi Şah Ali Obaş ve Erdebiloğlu ile ittifak ettiği hakkında 16. asır başları 19 Haziran 1512 7 Rebi I 918 / 23 Mayıs 1512 1518
E 5483 Halep Melikü'l-ümerası Hayırbay'ın kendi hükümdarından(memluk) kızılbaşlara karşı Osmanlı ile ittifak edilmesine dair emir aldığını ve sınırdaki memluk kumandanlarına Osmanlı askerine katılmaları için emir verdiğini bildiren mektubu 684 1513-5 E 5570 Şah Đsmail'in Ali Kulu Bey'e namesi(farsça) 16. asır başları E 5572 Seyyid Hüseyinden Şah Đsmail’e mektub(farsça) 16.asır başları E 5578 Şah Đsmail'in fermanı(harap-verilmiyor) 1503-14 E 5590 E 5594 Haydar Paşa tarafından rikab-ı hümayuna arz: Fenayi ve Dellak dimekle maruf mezhepsizlerin ve bu gibilerin şehzadeyi (Şehinşah) yoldan çıkardıkları yakında kızılbaşla katılacağına dair rapor Halep Melikü'l-ümerasının(Hayırbay) Şehinşah'ın Safeviler'le mektuplaştığını bildirir mektubu 1511 1511 E 5594-b Hayırbay'ın gönderdiği bir mektup 1511-20 E 5594-c Hayırbay'ın gönderdiği bir mektup 1511-20 E 5599 E 5674 E 5685 Diyarbakır valisi Bıyıklı Mehmed Paşa'nın, Şah Đsmail’in harekatı ve Đran işlerine dair padişaha gönderdiği mektup Şah Đsmail ile Đran ahvali, Alaüddevle ve Şehzade Murad hakkında bilgi veren Bıyıklı Mehmed Paşa'nın Sultan Selim'e arizası Şah Đsmail'in Dulkadiroğlu Kemaleddin Mustafa'ya Sultan Cihanşah'ın kendisine muhib olduğu ve O'na itaat etmesi hususunda yazdığı mektup 1515-6 Ağustos ortası, 1515 1 Safer 916 / 10 Mayıs 1510 E 5839 Şah Đsmail'in ahvali hakkında Selim'e bilgi 1510-16 E 5842 E 5843 E 5845 Karahisarda zaviyadar Şeyh Musa’nın takriri: Kanber Bey’in Esterabad yakınlarında otururken Erdebiloğlunun Hata Irmağı yanına geldiği sonra Kanber üzerine yürüdüğü, Kanber müdafa ederken Erdebiloğlunu bozguna uğrattığı, Mardin Beyi’nin Ustacalunun kardeşinin başını kestiği hakkında Şah Đsmail'in fetva makamında bulunan zata Sultan Cihanşah'ın şiiliği kabul ettiğine dair namesi Seyyid Şah Ali Sehrani'den Dulkadiroğlu Ali Bey'e Đsmail'in ordusunun ahvalli hakkında mektup (farsça) 1515 1 Safer 916 / 10 Mayıs 1510 16.asır başları
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TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE
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TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE
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ABSTRACT TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPI
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ÖZET ĐKĐ ĐMPARATORLUK ARASINDA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Before everything
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AA Eskandar B
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Selim-nâme Literature, Berlin: Kla
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NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION Source mate
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT………
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8.4. The Persecution of Anatolian Q
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and feeding the qizilbash sentiment
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Needless to say, the emergence, mol
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accumulation of power soon made the
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glories of the Ottoman army. Toward
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in the second half of the sixteenth
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the role of the Sufis of Lāhijan i
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Çağatay Uluçay’s three article
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Lastly, as for the main characteris
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no.790. The whole collection has be
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of this last section is open to spe
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struggle between two powers is refl
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Selim to the throne in April 24, 15
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Apart from these Selim-nāmes, Hayd
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1.2.2. Safavid Sources The Safavid
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above. More interesting is that the
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1.2.3. Italian Sources When Shah Is
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CHAPTER II A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
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settled tribes in several parts of
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were alien. These sedentary neighbo
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So, in Barfield’s terminology, th
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elations on kinship basis. 105 The
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a map of real blood bonds. He notif
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economic dependence on non-tribal s
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Furthermore, the office, an imperso
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shown, for the purpose of the prese
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in tribal or sub-tribal societies b
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community to whom he/she belongs. I
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One other substantial basis subsidi
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along with many other historians an
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Let us rob them together. But if yo
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ureaucracy, and sophisticated socia
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One may safely argue that the proce
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transformation of the beylik from t
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interconnected, for the tribal warr
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groups merged in time and turned in
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On the other hand, reliable sources
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end of the fourteenth century or in
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hagiographies 203 genuinely reflect
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Turkoman begs. On one occasion Osma
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Umur and said, “From now on call
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friend of Kızıldeli amongst the f
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creed was a syncretism composed of
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ather it merged into the Bektashi O
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One should note that in the late th
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Indeed, in the first half of the fo
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Turkoman warriors to Osman’s ento
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Ottomans took advantage of sedentar
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organized on tribal basis, but loya
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army. Orhan learns the method from
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the Turkish language and culture. A
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One should also note that the Janis
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dynasty. 277 Aşıkpaşazāde’s e
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3.2.2. The Rise of the Ottoman Elit
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and other danişmends as immediate
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Comes either for a hope of a minist
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statesmen appeared in the course of
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the realm” or “nizām-ı ālem
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As Đnalcık formulized long ago, t
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made it difficult to govern them. 3
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paradoxically constitutes one of th
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useless, even harmful, act and rega
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to transform the state still bearin
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to obey the law, Rüstem, replies:
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Most of the events mentioned in the
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period, and tribal chiefs. However,
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of the empire; their loyal akıncı
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of foremost akıncı dynasties like
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historians employ the term ‘Türk
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transformed into modest ‘re’āy
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Turgutlu tribe. 365 As will be deli
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the death of Kasım Beg, his comman
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Contemporary sources clearly indica
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As already delineated, Mehmed II fi
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3.4. CONCLUSION By the second half
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CHAPTER IV TURKOMANS AND THE SAFAVI
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write a satisfactory history of the
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Safa offers plentiful information a
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lessings of His Holy Exhalations!)
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“région turcophone”. 432 Despi
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dignity of Aaron (Hārūn) the magn
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prisoners, upon becoming Safavid di
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siege, Timur’s forces managed to
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far. 469 During Shaykh Ibrahim’s
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4.2. SHAYKH JUNAYD (1447-1460): TUR
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to Shah Ismail and his descendants.
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devoted to explaining how this tran
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einforced by marrying with the daug
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Mohammedan law, oppressing learned
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A comprehensive risāle preserved i
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according to the anonymous writer,
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the following pages I will analyze,
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Shaikh Safī’s children, the whol
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literature, which is summarized abo
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Ardabil and with his disciples in o
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historians that the Ottomans dispat
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on Erzincan and Sivas; the latter,
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that the copied books were availabl
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of the four true sects, in which sh
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Haydar, and Shah Ismā’īl merely
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However, the foot-prints of this do
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mastership or merit in Sufism. Furt
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strong foot-hold among them. Warrio
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danger only by leaving behind all h
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first in 1335 and second in 1348. 5
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So, putting these two facts togethe
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4.2.4.5. The Aqqoyunlu Palace: Legi
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Junayd to legitimize his already em
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manner against Shaykh Junayd, but h
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4.3. SHAYKH HAYDAR (1460-1488): THE
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tune down the devoted extremism tha
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subjects.” 649 Khunjī goes furth
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was the customary gear in those day
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was in 1484 and the Shaykh’s real
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Then Farruhyasar finished his lette
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avoid one’s fate.” 692 Likewise
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“especially [with] his lieutenant
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‘savage-like’ pastoral nomads a
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looked upon the shaykh as their qib
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Despites all his sunni biases, his
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during the Haydar’s term as well.
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temporal and spiritual authority; t
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‘new’ here is nothing other tha
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5.1. THE CONCEALMENT PERIOD: PREPER
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in 1493, he welcomed them in Tabriz
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other things, but since they were n
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his enemies with 300 qizilbash devo
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Ismail stayed approximately four an
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maintaining the communication and n
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5.1.3. The Advent (Hurūj) of Ismai
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account; but mistakenly narrates as
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The anonymous author then recites t
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servants to bring his own sword, wh
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would conquer all Iran and Azarbaij
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5.2. ISMAIL’S ASCENDANCE TO POWER
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eği kaçdı. Tebriz’i yağma etd
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of Jahanshah Karakoyunlu, in Gökç
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communication between fighting qizi
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Abdi Beg Shamlu with 200 and 300 fi
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quelques caractéristiques typiquem
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eign of Shah Ismail, married the si
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traditional structure, who were not
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arriving group (tribe or oymaq) and
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ody of the Safavid army. Each han a
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power. 934 By pretending so, Ismail
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such as Muhammad Han Ustaclu, Abdi
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education and training, their privi
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father of Muhammad Han Ustaclu, fel
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5.2.3. Ismail’s Second War: the T
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Alvand Mirza barely managed to flee
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Muhammad Zakariya, who had been the
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not one of them alive!” 987 As Br
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those great āmirs during both batt
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kurmışlardı. Zalām-ı şām-ı
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a messenger to the governor of Siva
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Eyle olsa ol taifenin hakikat-i hā
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Zamanla akrabası demin dava etmekd
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communication with the other side,
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terms usually nomadic tribes becaus
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Kemalpaşazāde reports that some o
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were confused about the disciples o
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villages became devoid of people. 1
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evenue sources remained the same. A
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Side (Şark Cānibi), i.e. Iran. 10
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argues that the real reason of Isma
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Nonetheless, the connection between
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the Ottoman Empire 1086 , to protes
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capture some principal Dulkadir for
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who was found on the way going to I
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military measures in eastern provin
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confront Ismail’s forces. 1117 Ho
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The Ottomans, on the other hand, ke
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not the Ottomans. This being the ca
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ground for the enthronement of Seli
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stratified social structure on top
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According to the Ottoman court hist
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doomsday’. 1158 The people of Ana
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igorously deem both Ismail and the
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the command of Karagöz Pasha and s
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Ottoman realm had totally vanished;
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only the temporal benefits offered
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is that they set fire to even cāmi
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messianism. 1203 It is not coincide
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to the aforesaid Il he performed ma
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According to Hasan-ı Rumlu, Şahku
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sermon. During his sermon the shayk
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of the Order. One feels legitimized
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We learn from this document that Ş
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khalifas, launch a campaign on Otto
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the framework of the Ottoman domest
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disease and fell devoid of timar.
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Kızıloğlu, Köleoğlu, Mehmed Be
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eport that Şahkulu’s force was r
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At the beginning, Şahkulu gathered
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the rebellion clearly reveal his ul
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successfully created a revolutionar
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to convince the head of the Janissa
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against his two brothers. Ahmed dem
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governors and of Karagöz Pasha, bu
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strongly believed in suppressing th
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arrival of a messenger from the Por
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soldiers behind; 1347 he chose 500
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he was not killed and did not go to
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and arrived there before the Anatol
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the otaga on and prostrated ‘acco
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As for the first one, one may attri
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Kütahya seems to be the turning po
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Show me a small corner of hospice s
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CHAPTER VII THE QIZILBASH FACTOR IN
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Although one might partially attrib
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diplomacy and some other with coerc
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7.1.3. Second Confrontation: Assaul
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olub ol senkīn kayalardan çıkub,
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Another aspect of Selim-Ismail stru
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was appointed as governor of Kefe.
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was at the same time regarded as th
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Ahmed in such a degree that Ahmed
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that his valuable activities were n
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should be remembered that Ahmed was
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Vizier Ali Pasha was assigned to su
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August 3, 1511 (Cemāzī I 8, 911).
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not yet attached to Qizilbash movem
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would be the next sultan, their est
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and old age while his subjects fell
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Istanbul throughout his journey. As
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an oath that they would accept the
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But the most effective branch of Ot
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sultan 1551 , the Janissaries’ di
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Ahmed began to behave as if he had
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instead of Amasya can be accounted
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however, different. After Selim pro
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were the champions of the oppositio
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Janissaries, there was another mili
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Taceddin Beg, who was the Karaman B
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ve yardım ona kılsun kim inşaall
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7.2.3. Prince Murad, Nur Ali Khalif
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qizilbashes of Anatolia had conside
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Sultan Ahmed sent troops against th
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According to Idrīs, and some other
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Shah. Celalzāde says, on the other
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included him in his suit. Then they
Page 501 and 502:
yağmaladıkları mukarrer. Sultan
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governor of Sivas. 1639 So Kemalpa
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meantime, two Safavid khalifs, Şah
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ādem cem’ idüb Sultan Musa üze
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Mehmed’s letter clarifies two cru
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Şadi Beg says that Ismail warned D
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next spring. The qizilbash propagan
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Dulkadir. 1679 Of course Taş-ili,
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this idea and tore the letter from
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CHAPTER VIII ÇALDIRAN, 1514: THE A
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disclaim their tendency since the o
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strong public expectations indicate
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saru renkden ihtirāz olundığı g
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group. Indeed, the Ottoman sultans
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Selim-nāme authors unanimously nar
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Selim, as reflected in Şükrī’s
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Idrīs also emphasizes this point a
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advises Sultan Selim that the ‘re
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he blamed the statesmen and the sch
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also appears another word which wou
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Solakzāde states that Ismail made
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their opinion about the legitimacy
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to the statesmen as participants of
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the qizilbashes and dispersing them
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sentiments among the Ottoman elite
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it repeats the name of the author,
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about the identity of Hamza. He cla
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or ‘Mevlāna Arab’. 1786 His fa
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mission for himself. Taşköprizād
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fanatic anti-qizilbash stand was li
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already discussed the despising att
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of ulemā must have written fetvās
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that Süleyman I waged a campaign o
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damned until doomsday.” 1817 Then
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population. 1821 Although this rati
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the people to be killed. The number
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egister, he would be aware of the s
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Lütfi Çelebi veled-i Bazarluoğlu
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Dülbendbastı Ali Amasiyye Ahmed .
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qizilbash movements, and those who
Page 581 and 582:
Kasım (?) Karye-i Hallar Torul cen
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joining Shah Ismail’s suite durin
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ut also from its content reflecting
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to the faces of Muslims, fused the
Page 589 and 590:
Rumelia to Anatolia where they coop
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however, provisional anxieties were
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my intentions in the beginning of m
Page 595 and 596:
Ismail’s letter annoyed Selim so
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hunger and thirst! 1900 The situati
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Then Sultan Selim favored this sugg
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efore the Ottomans had time to comp
Page 603 and 604:
miğfer ve cevşen ü siper māni
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made to marry Tāc-zāde Cafer Chel
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CHAPTER IX THE AFTERMATH: THE WANIN
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important consequence was that it b
Page 611 and 612:
defeat of Çaldıran, the qizilbash
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These contemporary accounts clearly
Page 615 and 616:
abandoned in practice their unquest
Page 617 and 618:
depersonalization of political auth
Page 619 and 620:
development marked a decisive step
Page 621 and 622:
Khalifa, just like the office of ā
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Muhammad Hudabende; the post of lal
Page 625 and 626:
success emerged. Nonetheless, none
Page 627 and 628:
Temam, when Sultan Selim proceeded
Page 629 and 630:
community within the Ottoman Empire
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egion. 2016 Thenceforth, ‘unortho
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the fading of the political and mil
Page 635 and 636:
lead. 2024 The vakıf of the tekke
Page 637 and 638:
administration tolerated and even e
Page 639 and 640:
social units maintaining a low degr
Page 641 and 642:
CHAPTER X CONCLUSION In the broades
Page 643 and 644:
is obvious that the expansion of th
Page 645 and 646:
synthesized at the cross-section of
Page 647 and 648:
as major ‘qizilbash zones’ and
Page 649 and 650:
territories, from then on the qizil
Page 651 and 652: Mehmed b. Mehmed el-Fenārī eş-ş
Page 653 and 654: Feridun Bey, Münşeât-ı Selātin
Page 655 and 656: Menâkıb-ı Sultan Bayezid Han, Bi
Page 657 and 658: Tevarih-i Al-i Osman (Die altosmani
Page 659 and 660: Aslanoğlu, Đbrahim, Şah Đsmail
Page 661 and 662: Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, “Sa
Page 663 and 664: Baykara, Tuncay, “Yatağan’da A
Page 665 and 666: Cahen, Claude, “Le problème du S
Page 667 and 668: Eberhard, Elke, Osmanische Polemik
Page 669 and 670: Fisher, Sydney Nettleton,The Foreig
Page 671 and 672: Gölpınarlı, Abdülbaki, “Fazlu
Page 673 and 674: Đnalcık, Halil, "Osmanlılar’da
Page 675 and 676: and Society, Bloomington: Indiana U
Page 677 and 678: Kissling, “Osmanlı Đmparatorlu
Page 679 and 680: Lindner, Rudi Paul, Nomads and Otto
Page 681 and 682: Mélikoff, Irène, “La Montagne e
Page 683 and 684: Newman, Andrew, “The Myth of Cler
Page 685 and 686: Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar, “Syncrétisme
Page 687 and 688: Pastoral Production and Societies,
Page 689 and 690: Sarıkaya, Saffet, XIII-XVI. Asırl
Page 691 and 692: Stephane Yérasimos, La Foundation
Page 693 and 694: Tapper, Richard, “Anthropologists
Page 695 and 696: Ünal, Mehmet Ali, XVI. Yüzyılda
Page 697 and 698: APPENDIX A: CHRONOLOGY 1326 The dea
Page 699 and 700: 1505 Ismail's ambassador in Istanbu
Page 701: APPENDIX B: A SELECT LIST OF DOCUME
Page 705 and 706: E 6384 Sadi Paşa'nın isyancılar
Page 707 and 708: E 8350 E 8505 E 8758 E 8922 E 8923
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