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Table 3: Summary of catchments, farms and BMPs in current SAC project (SAC/348/03) Area Catchments Farms and enterprise 1. Ayrshire Pollutants: FIOs, P, NH 4 -N, SS Issue: Bathing Waters 2. Perth and Kinross Pollutants: P, SS Issue: Eutrophication 3: Bush FIOs, NH 4 -N, SS 4. Stranraer Issue: FIOs, NH 4 -N, SS nitrate in Gw and surface water BOD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘BMPs’ Cessnock A: Dairying Dirty water separation Roofing Pond Culvert Off stream drinking RAMS B: Dairying Pond Upstream RSS buffer C: Dairying Fencing Timing of slurry Management Grazing management Loch Leven D: Mixed arable Buffer strip Bund for run-off Capture Horseshoe wetland Lunan Lochs E: Mixed arable P budgeting Pond Ochre P removal F: Arable and beef Buffer strip Glencorse Burn G: Beef outwintering Nil G: arable and grass Buffer strip Piltanton Burn H: Beef outwintering Effluent treatment from woodchip SAC and MI receive financial support from Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department. REFERENCES Aitken M, Merrilees D, Jones A and Duncan A (2004). Livestock farming in the bathing water river catchments. Risk identification and mitigation. In: Proceedings of the SAC/SEPA Water Framework Directive and Agriculture Conference, 27-33, Edinburgh. Anthony S, Betson M, Lord E, Tagg A, Abbot C, Struve J, Lilly A, Dunn S and Towers W (2005). Screening Tool to Identify and Characterise Diffuse Pollution Pressures. URL http://www.sniffer.org 109
Dickson JW, Edwards T, Jeffrey WA, Merrilees D and Kay, D (2005). Catchment scale appraisal of best management practices (BMPs) for the improvement of bathing water - Brighouse Bay 2005. Report for SEPA, Reference 230/4187. URL http://www. scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/Water/15561/bathingwatpro Frost A and McTernan J (1997). Cost Benefit Analysis of proposed erosion control measures at Loch Leven. In: A Petchey, B D’Arcy and A Frost (eds), Diffuse Pollution and Agriculture II. SAC/SEPA Conference, Edinburgh, 9–11 April, 134-144. Hutchinson WG, Smith RV, Glass C and Annett W (2005). Cost:benefit and cost: effectiveness analysis of mechanisms for reducing phosphorus inputs to inland waters in Northern Ireland. Report to Environment and Heritage Service. Frost A, Stewart S, Kerr D and MacDonald J (2000). The impacts of agricultural environmental management: case studies from theory to practice. URL http://www. sepa.org.uk/publications/technical/imp_env_man/index.htm Merrilees D, Aitken M, Jones A and Vinten A (2004). Research and Design of Pilot Schemes to Minimise Livestock Pollution to the Water Environment in Scotland. Report for the Scottish Executive Central Research Unit OECD (1982). Eutrophication of Waters. Monitoring, assessment and control. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development report, Paris. Scottish Executive (2003). Guidelines for farmers in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Scottish Executive Publication, Edinburgh. Scottish Executive (2004). The 4 Point Plan. Scottish Executive Publication, Edinburgh. Scottish Executive (2005a). Scottish Executive Environment Group. Diffuse Water Pollution from Rural Land Use. Paper 2005/35. Scottish Executive Publication, Edinburgh. Scottish Executive (2005b). Prevention of Environmental Pollution from Agricultural Activity (PEPFAA) Code. Scottish Executive Publication, Edinburgh. SEPA (2006). Provision of best management practice guidance farm scale diffuse pollution. SEPA report, reference 230/4191 (awaiting publication). Vinten AJA, Towers W, King JA, McCracken DI, Crawford C, Cole LJ, Duncan A, Sym G, Aitken M, Avdic K, Lilly A, Langan S and Jones M (2005). Appraisal of rural BMP’s for controlling diffuse pollution and enhancing biodiversity. SNIFFER Report, Project WFD13. Vinten et al. (2006). Evaluation of BMPs for diffuse pollution control. Project reference SAC/348/03. Report to SEERAD (in preparation). 110
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International Water Association AGR
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2006 Conference Organising Committe
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Theme 2: Cost-effectiveness of Best
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Poster Presentations The Farm Soils
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viii
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managers need support in understand
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During the past 20 years, it became
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infiltration); and (4) capture, sto
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DOMINATING PARAMETERS OF IMPAIRMENT
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Using the results of the unsupervis
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Kohonen T (2001). Self-Organizing M
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WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENT
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Table 1: Modelled total annual loss
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• It should be possible to apply
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Scottish Executive against 18 measu
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REFERENCES Anthony S, Betson M, Lor
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ased on the ‘drainage basin’ in
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management practices’ (BMPs) toge
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It is envisaged that these data wil
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testing (including climate change)
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Council of the European Communities
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DECREASING THE NITROGEN SOIL SURFAC
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Table 1: Overview of the measures c
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Table 2: Costs (C), effects (E) and
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Figure 2: Combination of ‘best av
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At the 5-km 2
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REFERENCES Jordan P, Menary W, Daly
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Although the TMDL programme origina
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grassland and heather moorland, sup
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Given that the release of P from th
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to the underlying causes, and thus
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All water body use attainment infor
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indicate the possible presence of p
Page 67 and 68: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF M
Page 69 and 70: BMP is being implemented and the ap
Page 71 and 72: THE USE OF PONDS TO REDUCE POLLUTIO
Page 73 and 74: established pond/wetland for nutrie
Page 75 and 76: Table 1: Hydraulic load, mean water
Page 77 and 78: Comparable SS removals have been re
Page 79 and 80: Reddy GB, Hunt PG, Phillips R, Ston
Page 81 and 82: In general, the combinations of mea
Page 83 and 84: final word on the POMs selection an
Page 85 and 86: CONCLUSIONS The ERBD project team i
Page 87 and 88: Table 1: A summary of the measures
Page 89 and 90: Table 3: A summary of the represent
Page 91 and 92: cost (£'000/farm) or reduction in
Page 93 and 94: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF MINIMISING
Page 95 and 96: spread cattle slurry in the autumn
Page 97 and 98: £25,000. The investment in trailin
Page 99 and 100: Studies on a drained clay soil at B
Page 101 and 102: REFERENCES Anon (2000). Fertiliser
Page 103 and 104: (Haygarth and Jarvis, 1999). The vo
Page 105 and 106: Application Representative farm sys
Page 107 and 108: Table 2: Modelled cost-curve for th
Page 109 and 110: ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFU
Page 111 and 112: In the absence of data on the sourc
Page 113 and 114: Magnitude of Impacts The magnitude
Page 115 and 116: D. Use relative area of farm and wh
Page 117: ADAS has developed a matrix for Def
Page 121 and 122: 60% phosphorus and 50% nitrogen of
Page 123 and 124: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Landscape St
Page 125 and 126: was contributed to the low vegetati
Page 127 and 128: iological uptake in a grassed area.
Page 129 and 130: Tim US, Jolly R and Liao HH (1995).
Page 131 and 132: to control SS and P loads from agri
Page 133 and 134: Total P inputs in fertilisers and m
Page 135 and 136: Within the Teme catchment, largest
Page 137 and 138: A RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ST
Page 139 and 140: Environmental Monitoring The primar
Page 141 and 142: BMP measure 1 (exclusion of stock f
Page 143 and 144: (a) With reference to the increase
Page 145 and 146: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SAC acknowledges f
Page 147 and 148: The Environment Sensitive Farming (
Page 149 and 150: improved further as a result of att
Page 151 and 152: to do more to reduce pesticide impa
Page 153 and 154: MANAGING DIFFUSE POLLUTION FROM A F
Page 155 and 156: turbulent air mixing. The effect th
Page 157 and 158: Although nitrate leaching can be re
Page 159 and 160: infiltration of water sheeting off
Page 161 and 162: Nisbet TR, Orr H and Broadmeadow S
Page 163 and 164: anthropogenic activities are pollut
Page 165 and 166: monitoring is determined up front b
Page 167 and 168: (USEPA). Nevertheless, by applying
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• Sampling equipment •Laborator
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Reinert RE, Knuth BA, Kamrin MA and
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Tier 3 - Tier 3 of LMCs is planned
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policy literature, although this is
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Figure 1: Individual-collective spe
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• tailoring activities to local c
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The support of the
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THE EFFECT OF DIFFUSE POLLUTION FRO
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equires the Minister to designate a
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protection and restoration, sustain
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expensive. One-to-one contact becom
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farmers. In England, recent policy
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practices but, hopefully, the chang
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A CASE STUDY: ADOPTION OF BEST MANA
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The approaches taken by Brittany to
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MANURE TREATMENT By January 2005, t
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REGULATORY OPTIONS FOR THE MANAGEME
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There are also measures that contro
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widely recognised as needing much a
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ploughed, of rivers and streams tha
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is the only mechanism identified fo
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PHOSPHORUS STORAGE IN FINE CHANNEL
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structure and minimum level of main
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REFERENCES May L, Place C, O’Hea
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LOUND CATCHMENT PROJECT: WORKING WI
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MINIMISING THE PRESSURES AND IMPACT
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Predicting Bathing Water Quality Vi
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Risk of illness percentages were ca
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Table 4: Expected lifetime benefits
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DETERMINATION OF THE VETERINARY ANT
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Thin Layer Chromatography The sampl
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Table 2: Regression functions and c
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OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR U
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to land managers and agency staff t
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stakeholders, together with their i
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REFERENCES EC (2000). Directive 200
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A third scenario was applied to Clu
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Based on a detailed distribution of
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could be misleading. The results of
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TACKLING DIFFUSE NITRATE POLLUTION:
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AMMONIA VOLATILISATION FROM CATTLE
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and 27% of the soil surface at 80 m
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FIELD TESTING OF MITIGATION OPTIONS
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techniques can significantly reduce
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NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATE
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At two UK sit
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding of this wo
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y standard methods and fresh, end o
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comparable to those in water draini
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Results may be influential in deter
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• numbers and distribution of liv
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Using this method of classification
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Table 5: Results of land use scenar
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CONCLUSIONS As a decision support t
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types. This paper reports results f
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N Losses in Drainage Water Mean nit
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SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON
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treatments, typically 10 storm even
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Tramline Effects In both years, obs
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Notes 278
show all

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