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THE FARM SOILS PLAN R Audsley SAC, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, UK, E-mail: Rebecca.Audsley@sac.co.uk SUMMARY The Farm Soils Plan (FSP) is a guidance booklet targeted at all farmers across Scotland. It aims to highlight various soil issues that could benefit both the farm business and surrounding environment. The FSP will help farmers comply with GAEC (Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition) under Cross Compliance and outlines soil management practices that will help to reduce the risk of diffuse pollution from farmland. The FSP follows on from the successful ‘4 Point Plan’ (www. sac.ac.uk/4pp) that helped livestock farmers identify and reduce the risk of diffuse pollution from agricultural activities. The FSP contains basic guidance on a range of topics. It also lists contact addresses and websites that could act as a starting point for farmers looking for further information about alternative practices or new technologies. The main sections in the pack include: • Recognising and rectifying poor soil conditions – highlights some common problems seen on Scottish soils and suggests possible solutions. • Reducing soil erosion – minimising soil loss could avoid expensive re-seeds and remediation work while also protecting surrounding water quality. • Targeting nutrient application – matching nutrient application to crop demand and taking account of nutrients from slurry and manure applications can help to reduce nutrient loss and make better use of bagged fertiliser applications. • Preventing soil loss and protecting water quality – benefits both the farm business and the surrounding environment. • GAEC checklist – non-compliance with GAEC could result in financial penalties under the Single Farm Payment Scheme. • Field Notes – a reminder for farmers on how to hand texture soils to indicate the texture class and suggests ways to identify any problems visible in the soil profile. During development of the plan, soil specialists and farm advisers were invited to comment on the document. Once near to completion, a group of farmers was also asked to give comments and suggestions prior to publication. The feedback from the farmer group suggested that the FSP was a useful guide to identifying soil problems that may have previously gone unnoticed such as over-compaction or the formation of a plough pan and also provided a useful reminder of general soil issues, confirming that they are doing the right things. The FSP is a joint initiative supported by SAC, SEERAD (Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department), SNH (Scottish Natural Heritage), WWF (Scotland) (funded through HSBC), SEPA (Scottish Environment Protection Agency), NFU Scotland (National Farmers Union) and FWAG Scotland (Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group). 201
PHOSPHORUS STORAGE IN FINE CHANNEL BED SEDIMENTS DJ Ballantine 1a , DE Walling 1 , AL Collins 2b and GJL Leeks 2 1 Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 6RJ, UK, E-mail: Deborah.Ballantine@sepa.org.uk; 2 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK; a Present address: SEPA, Carseview House, Castle Business Park, Stirling, FK9 4SW, UK; b Present address: ADAS, Woodthorne, Wergs, Wolverhampton, WV6 8TQ, UK SUMMARY Deposition and storage of fine sediment on channel beds represent an important component of a catchment’s sediment budget and can have implications for sediment-associated phosphorus fluxes and concentrations through water-sediment interactions. Spatial and temporal variations in the phosphorus content and storage in fine bed sediment have been studied in two UK lowland catchments, the Rivers Frome and Piddle in Dorset. Fine bed sediment was sampled in representative reaches on a bi-monthly basis using a re-suspension cylinder, and the resulting samples were analysed for total phosphorus, a range of phosphorus fractions and particle size. The results demonstrate the spatial and temporal variability of sediment-associated phosphorus concentrations and storage, with maximum and minimum phosphorus concentrations and storage occurring in late summer and winter respectively. Temporal variations in concentrations reflect residence times of the sediment and ambient phosphorus concentrations, while variations in storage are mainly due to hydrological regimes. Spatial variations reflect catchment characteristics and the location of inputs. Overall, the study highlights the need to consider both spatial and temporal controls on phosphorus storage associated with fine channel bed sediments. 202
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International Water Association AGR
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2006 Conference Organising Committe
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Theme 2: Cost-effectiveness of Best
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Poster Presentations The Farm Soils
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viii
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managers need support in understand
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During the past 20 years, it became
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infiltration); and (4) capture, sto
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DOMINATING PARAMETERS OF IMPAIRMENT
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Using the results of the unsupervis
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Kohonen T (2001). Self-Organizing M
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WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENT
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Table 1: Modelled total annual loss
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• It should be possible to apply
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Scottish Executive against 18 measu
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REFERENCES Anthony S, Betson M, Lor
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ased on the ‘drainage basin’ in
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management practices’ (BMPs) toge
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It is envisaged that these data wil
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testing (including climate change)
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Council of the European Communities
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DECREASING THE NITROGEN SOIL SURFAC
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Table 1: Overview of the measures c
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Table 2: Costs (C), effects (E) and
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Figure 2: Combination of ‘best av
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At the 5-km 2
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REFERENCES Jordan P, Menary W, Daly
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Although the TMDL programme origina
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grassland and heather moorland, sup
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Given that the release of P from th
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to the underlying causes, and thus
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All water body use attainment infor
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indicate the possible presence of p
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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF M
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BMP is being implemented and the ap
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THE USE OF PONDS TO REDUCE POLLUTIO
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established pond/wetland for nutrie
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Table 1: Hydraulic load, mean water
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Comparable SS removals have been re
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Reddy GB, Hunt PG, Phillips R, Ston
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In general, the combinations of mea
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final word on the POMs selection an
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CONCLUSIONS The ERBD project team i
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Table 1: A summary of the measures
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Table 3: A summary of the represent
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cost (£'000/farm) or reduction in
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ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF MINIMISING
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spread cattle slurry in the autumn
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£25,000. The investment in trailin
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Studies on a drained clay soil at B
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REFERENCES Anon (2000). Fertiliser
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(Haygarth and Jarvis, 1999). The vo
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Application Representative farm sys
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Table 2: Modelled cost-curve for th
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ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFU
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In the absence of data on the sourc
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Magnitude of Impacts The magnitude
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D. Use relative area of farm and wh
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ADAS has developed a matrix for Def
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Dickson JW, Edwards T, Jeffrey WA,
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60% phosphorus and 50% nitrogen of
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Landscape St
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was contributed to the low vegetati
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iological uptake in a grassed area.
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Tim US, Jolly R and Liao HH (1995).
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to control SS and P loads from agri
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Total P inputs in fertilisers and m
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Within the Teme catchment, largest
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A RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ST
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Environmental Monitoring The primar
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BMP measure 1 (exclusion of stock f
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(a) With reference to the increase
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SAC acknowledges f
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The Environment Sensitive Farming (
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improved further as a result of att
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to do more to reduce pesticide impa
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MANAGING DIFFUSE POLLUTION FROM A F
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turbulent air mixing. The effect th
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Although nitrate leaching can be re
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Page 161 and 162: Nisbet TR, Orr H and Broadmeadow S
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Page 165 and 166: monitoring is determined up front b
Page 167 and 168: (USEPA). Nevertheless, by applying
Page 169 and 170: • Sampling equipment •Laborator
Page 171 and 172: Reinert RE, Knuth BA, Kamrin MA and
Page 173 and 174: Tier 3 - Tier 3 of LMCs is planned
Page 175 and 176: policy literature, although this is
Page 177 and 178: Figure 1: Individual-collective spe
Page 179 and 180: • tailoring activities to local c
Page 181 and 182: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The support of the
Page 183 and 184: THE EFFECT OF DIFFUSE POLLUTION FRO
Page 185 and 186: equires the Minister to designate a
Page 187 and 188: protection and restoration, sustain
Page 189 and 190: expensive. One-to-one contact becom
Page 191 and 192: farmers. In England, recent policy
Page 193 and 194: practices but, hopefully, the chang
Page 195 and 196: A CASE STUDY: ADOPTION OF BEST MANA
Page 197 and 198: The approaches taken by Brittany to
Page 199 and 200: MANURE TREATMENT By January 2005, t
Page 201 and 202: REGULATORY OPTIONS FOR THE MANAGEME
Page 203 and 204: There are also measures that contro
Page 205 and 206: widely recognised as needing much a
Page 207 and 208: ploughed, of rivers and streams tha
Page 209: is the only mechanism identified fo
Page 213 and 214: structure and minimum level of main
Page 215 and 216: REFERENCES May L, Place C, O’Hea
Page 217 and 218: LOUND CATCHMENT PROJECT: WORKING WI
Page 219 and 220: MINIMISING THE PRESSURES AND IMPACT
Page 221 and 222: Predicting Bathing Water Quality Vi
Page 223 and 224: Risk of illness percentages were ca
Page 225 and 226: Table 4: Expected lifetime benefits
Page 227 and 228: DETERMINATION OF THE VETERINARY ANT
Page 229 and 230: Thin Layer Chromatography The sampl
Page 231 and 232: Table 2: Regression functions and c
Page 233 and 234: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR U
Page 235 and 236: to land managers and agency staff t
Page 237 and 238: stakeholders, together with their i
Page 239 and 240: REFERENCES EC (2000). Directive 200
Page 241 and 242: A third scenario was applied to Clu
Page 243 and 244: Based on a detailed distribution of
Page 245 and 246: could be misleading. The results of
Page 247 and 248: TACKLING DIFFUSE NITRATE POLLUTION:
Page 249 and 250: AMMONIA VOLATILISATION FROM CATTLE
Page 251 and 252: and 27% of the soil surface at 80 m
Page 253 and 254: FIELD TESTING OF MITIGATION OPTIONS
Page 255 and 256: techniques can significantly reduce
Page 257 and 258: NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATE
Page 259 and 260: MATERIALS AND METHODS At two UK sit
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding of this wo
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y standard methods and fresh, end o
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comparable to those in water draini
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Results may be influential in deter
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• numbers and distribution of liv
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Using this method of classification
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Table 5: Results of land use scenar
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CONCLUSIONS As a decision support t
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types. This paper reports results f
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N Losses in Drainage Water Mean nit
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SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON
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treatments, typically 10 storm even
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Tramline Effects In both years, obs
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Notes 278
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