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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr Steve Mitchell of the Water Research Commission (WRC) for supply funding to complete the reference and guideline manuals. REFERENCES Bevelhimer MS (1995). Recent advances in contaminant assessment offer proactive alternatives for managing contaminated fisheries. Fisheries 20, 6–10. Bouwman H, Coetzee A and Schutte GHJ (1990). Environmental and health implications of DDT – contaminated fish from the Pongola Food Plain. Journal of African Zoology 104, 275–286. Förstner U and Wittmann G T W (1983). Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment, 2nd edn. Springer Verslag, New York. Health Effects Summary Tables (1998). Health Effects Summary Tables. Washington DC: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. United States of America Environmental Protection Agency. www.epa.gov/iris/index. Heath RGM (1999). A catchment-based assessment of the metal and pesticide levels of fish from the Crocodile River, Mpumalanga. Johannesburg. Unpublished PhD Theses, Rand Afrikaans University. Heath RGM and Classen MC (1999). An Overview of the Pesticide and Metal Levels Present in Populations of the Larger Indigenous Fish Species of Selected South African rivers. Report to the Water Research Commission, Report No. 428/1/99. Water Research Commission, Pretoria. 318 pp. Heath RGM, du Preez HH, Genthe B and Avenant-Oldewage A (2004a) Freshwater Fish and Human Health Overview Guide. .Water Research Commission Report No TT212/04. Pretoria, South Africa. Heath RGM, du Preez H, Genthe B and Avenant-Oldewage A (2004b) Freshwater Fish and Human Health Reference Guide. Water Research Commission Report Report No TT213/04. Pretoria, South Africa. DWAF (2006). National Toxicity Monitoring Programme (NTMP) for Surface Waters Phase 2: Prototype Implementation Manual (K Murray, RGM Heath, JL Slabbert, B Haasbroek, C Strydom and PM Matji eds). Report No.:0000/00/REQ/0505 Resource Quality Services, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa. du Preez HH, Heath RGM and Sandham LA (2003a). Methodology for the assessment of human health risks associated with the consumption of chemical contaminated freshwater fish in South Africa. Water SA 29, 69–90. du Preez HH, Genthe B, Groenewald M, Kotze PJ, Heath RGM and Sandham LA (2003b). An Initial Assessment of Possible Human Health Risks Associated with the Consumption of Fish from the Vaal River Barrage Reservoir and the Klip River, Gauteng province. Scientific Services report.Rand Water, Johannesburg. 161
Reinert RE, Knuth BA, Kamrin MA and Sober QJ (1991). Risk assessment, risk management and fish consumption advisories in the United States. Fish 16, 3–12. RISK * ASSISTANT TM (1995). Risk * Assistant TM. Hampshire Research Institute, Inc. Alexandria, VA. Tchounwou P B, Abdelghani A A, Pramary V, Heyer L and Steward C M (1996). Assessment of potential health risks associated with ingesting heavy metals in fish collected from a hazardous-waste contaminated wetland in Louisiana, USA. Reviews on Environmental Health 11, 191–203. USEPA (1991). Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Risk Assessment. Federal Register, 56: 63798-63826. USEPA, Washington, D.C. USEPA (1995a). Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for use in Fish Advisories. Volume 1: Fish sampling and Analysis. 2nd Edn. EPA 823-R-95-007. USEPA, Washington, D.C. USEPA (1995b). Guidance Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for use in Fish Advisories. Volume 4: Risk communication. EPA 823-R-95-001. USEPA, Washington, D.C. USEPA (1996). Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for use in Fish Advisories. Volume 3: Overview of risk management. EPA 823-B-96-006. USEPA, Washington, D.C. USEPA (1997). Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for use in Fish Advisories. Volume 2: Risk assessment and fish consumption limits. 2nd Edn. EPA 823-B-97-009. USEPA, Washington, D.C. USEPA (1999). Update: National listing of fish and wildlife advisories. EPA 823-F-99- 005. USEPA, Washington, D.C. 162
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International Water Association AGR
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2006 Conference Organising Committe
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Theme 2: Cost-effectiveness of Best
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Poster Presentations The Farm Soils
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viii
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managers need support in understand
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During the past 20 years, it became
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infiltration); and (4) capture, sto
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DOMINATING PARAMETERS OF IMPAIRMENT
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Using the results of the unsupervis
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Kohonen T (2001). Self-Organizing M
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WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENT
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Table 1: Modelled total annual loss
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• It should be possible to apply
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Scottish Executive against 18 measu
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REFERENCES Anthony S, Betson M, Lor
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ased on the ‘drainage basin’ in
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management practices’ (BMPs) toge
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It is envisaged that these data wil
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testing (including climate change)
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Council of the European Communities
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DECREASING THE NITROGEN SOIL SURFAC
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Table 1: Overview of the measures c
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Table 2: Costs (C), effects (E) and
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Figure 2: Combination of ‘best av
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At the 5-km 2
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REFERENCES Jordan P, Menary W, Daly
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Although the TMDL programme origina
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grassland and heather moorland, sup
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Given that the release of P from th
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to the underlying causes, and thus
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All water body use attainment infor
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indicate the possible presence of p
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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF M
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BMP is being implemented and the ap
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THE USE OF PONDS TO REDUCE POLLUTIO
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established pond/wetland for nutrie
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Table 1: Hydraulic load, mean water
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Comparable SS removals have been re
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Reddy GB, Hunt PG, Phillips R, Ston
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In general, the combinations of mea
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final word on the POMs selection an
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CONCLUSIONS The ERBD project team i
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Table 1: A summary of the measures
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Table 3: A summary of the represent
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cost (£'000/farm) or reduction in
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ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF MINIMISING
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spread cattle slurry in the autumn
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£25,000. The investment in trailin
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Studies on a drained clay soil at B
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REFERENCES Anon (2000). Fertiliser
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(Haygarth and Jarvis, 1999). The vo
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Application Representative farm sys
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Table 2: Modelled cost-curve for th
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ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFU
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In the absence of data on the sourc
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Magnitude of Impacts The magnitude
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D. Use relative area of farm and wh
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ADAS has developed a matrix for Def
Page 119 and 120: Dickson JW, Edwards T, Jeffrey WA,
Page 121 and 122: 60% phosphorus and 50% nitrogen of
Page 123 and 124: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Landscape St
Page 125 and 126: was contributed to the low vegetati
Page 127 and 128: iological uptake in a grassed area.
Page 129 and 130: Tim US, Jolly R and Liao HH (1995).
Page 131 and 132: to control SS and P loads from agri
Page 133 and 134: Total P inputs in fertilisers and m
Page 135 and 136: Within the Teme catchment, largest
Page 137 and 138: A RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ST
Page 139 and 140: Environmental Monitoring The primar
Page 141 and 142: BMP measure 1 (exclusion of stock f
Page 143 and 144: (a) With reference to the increase
Page 145 and 146: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SAC acknowledges f
Page 147 and 148: The Environment Sensitive Farming (
Page 149 and 150: improved further as a result of att
Page 151 and 152: to do more to reduce pesticide impa
Page 153 and 154: MANAGING DIFFUSE POLLUTION FROM A F
Page 155 and 156: turbulent air mixing. The effect th
Page 157 and 158: Although nitrate leaching can be re
Page 159 and 160: infiltration of water sheeting off
Page 161 and 162: Nisbet TR, Orr H and Broadmeadow S
Page 163 and 164: anthropogenic activities are pollut
Page 165 and 166: monitoring is determined up front b
Page 167 and 168: (USEPA). Nevertheless, by applying
Page 169: • Sampling equipment •Laborator
Page 173 and 174: Tier 3 - Tier 3 of LMCs is planned
Page 175 and 176: policy literature, although this is
Page 177 and 178: Figure 1: Individual-collective spe
Page 179 and 180: • tailoring activities to local c
Page 181 and 182: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The support of the
Page 183 and 184: THE EFFECT OF DIFFUSE POLLUTION FRO
Page 185 and 186: equires the Minister to designate a
Page 187 and 188: protection and restoration, sustain
Page 189 and 190: expensive. One-to-one contact becom
Page 191 and 192: farmers. In England, recent policy
Page 193 and 194: practices but, hopefully, the chang
Page 195 and 196: A CASE STUDY: ADOPTION OF BEST MANA
Page 197 and 198: The approaches taken by Brittany to
Page 199 and 200: MANURE TREATMENT By January 2005, t
Page 201 and 202: REGULATORY OPTIONS FOR THE MANAGEME
Page 203 and 204: There are also measures that contro
Page 205 and 206: widely recognised as needing much a
Page 207 and 208: ploughed, of rivers and streams tha
Page 209 and 210: is the only mechanism identified fo
Page 211 and 212: PHOSPHORUS STORAGE IN FINE CHANNEL
Page 213 and 214: structure and minimum level of main
Page 215 and 216: REFERENCES May L, Place C, O’Hea
Page 217 and 218: LOUND CATCHMENT PROJECT: WORKING WI
Page 219 and 220: MINIMISING THE PRESSURES AND IMPACT
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Predicting Bathing Water Quality Vi
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Risk of illness percentages were ca
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Table 4: Expected lifetime benefits
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DETERMINATION OF THE VETERINARY ANT
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Thin Layer Chromatography The sampl
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Table 2: Regression functions and c
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OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR U
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to land managers and agency staff t
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stakeholders, together with their i
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REFERENCES EC (2000). Directive 200
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A third scenario was applied to Clu
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Based on a detailed distribution of
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could be misleading. The results of
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TACKLING DIFFUSE NITRATE POLLUTION:
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AMMONIA VOLATILISATION FROM CATTLE
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and 27% of the soil surface at 80 m
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FIELD TESTING OF MITIGATION OPTIONS
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techniques can significantly reduce
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NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATE
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At two UK sit
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding of this wo
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y standard methods and fresh, end o
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comparable to those in water draini
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Results may be influential in deter
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• numbers and distribution of liv
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Using this method of classification
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Table 5: Results of land use scenar
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CONCLUSIONS As a decision support t
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types. This paper reports results f
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N Losses in Drainage Water Mean nit
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SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON
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treatments, typically 10 storm even
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Tramline Effects In both years, obs
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Notes 278
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