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Whilst US regulatory approaches exemplified in the TMDL concept have sought
to set water quality criteria in ‘inputs’ as seen in Table 1. There is little evidence
to date that the US studies have progressed to the stage of distributed white box
modelling which could underpin evidence-based advice on remediation strategies
to the farming community. Current criteria specified in Table 1 are little more than
‘ambient’ water quality criteria for recreational and shellfish harvesting waters. This
‘precautionary’ approach is understandable but only serves to illustrate the basic lack
of hard scientific information on catchment microbial dynamics. This suggests that
Haygarth’s (Hagarth et al., 2005) definition of microbial dynamics as the 21st Century
Challenge is just as appropriate to the agencies and research scientists responsible
for TMDL application as it is to those EU colleagues designing programmes of
measures for WFD implementation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Elements of this analysis related the WFD components will be published in the May
2006 edition of the Proceedings of the Chartered Institution of Civil Engineers. We
are grateful for helpful advice from US scientists involved in TMDL investigations
including David J Lewis, Peter Krottje and Farhad Ghodrati. All errors of fact or
interpretation are, however, the authors’ responsibility.
REFERENCES
Achleitner S, De Toffol S, Engelhard C and Rauch W (2005). The European Water
Framework Directive: Water quality classification and implications to engineering
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Anon (2003). Tomales Bay Pathogen Protection Plan. California Regional Water
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Anon (2004). Pathogens in Tomales Bay Total Maximum Daily Load: Final Project
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Anon (2005a). Tomales Bay California, TMDL Report Appendix A. Appendix A
Tentative Resolution With Proposed Basin Plan Amendment (Exhibit A). California
Regional Water Quality Control Board San Francisco Bay Region Resolution R2-
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Anon (2005b). Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the
management of bathing water quality and repealing Directive 76/160/EEC, 2002/2054
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Borgvang SA and Bar LJ (2005). The EUROHARP Toolbox - a Tool towards Bridging
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http://euroharp.org/showart_open_area.php?art=31
Council of the European Communities (CEC) (2000). Directive 2000/60/EC of the
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