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REFERENCES American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation (1985). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (18th edn). Washington DC, USA. Arheimer B and Lidén R (2000). Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from agricultural catchments-influence of spatial and temporal variables. Journal of Hydrology 227, 140–159. Artola CG, Pareja BL and Garcia PG (1995). Impact on hydrology and nutrient movements of developments in river basins draining into reservoirs. Water Research 29, 601–609. Carpenter SR, Caraco NE, Correll DL et al. (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8, 559–568. Cooper JR, Gilliam JW, Daniels RB et al. (1987). Riparian areas as filters for agricultural sediment. Soil Sci Soc Am J 51, 416–420. Dickey EC and Vanderholm DH (1981). Vegetative filter treatment of livestock feedlot run-off. Journal of Environmental Quality 10, 279–284. Dorioz JM, Cassell EA, Orand A et al. (1998). Phosphorus storage, transport and export dynamics in the Foron River watershed. Hydrological Processes 12, 285– 309. Dzikiewicz M (2000). Activities in nonpoint pollution control in rural areas of Poland. Ecological Engineering 14, 429–434. Hillbricht-Ilkowska A (1993). The dynamics and retention of phosphorus in lentic and lotic patches of two river-lake systems. Hydrobiologia 251, 257–268. Kuusemets V and Mander Ü (2002). Nutrient flows and management of a small watershed. Landscape Ecology 17, 59–68. Pomogyi P, 1993. Nutrient retention by the Kis-Balaton Water Protect System. Hydrobiologia 251, 309–320. Sanderson MA, Jones RM, McFarland SJ et al. (2001). Nutrient movement and removal in a switchgrass biomass-filter strip system treated with dairy manure. Journal of Environmental Quality 30, 210–216. Sauer TJ, Daniel TC, Moore PA et al. (1999). Poultry litter and grazing animal waste effects on run-off water quality. Journal of Environmental Quality 28, 860–865. Sharpley AN, Foy B and Withers P (2000). Practical and innovative measures for the control of agricultural phosphorus losses to water: an overview. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 1–9. Sharpley AN, Gburek WL and Heathwaite AL (1998). Agricultural phosphorus and water quality: sources, transport and management. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 7, 297–314. 119
Tim US, Jolly R and Liao HH (1995). Impact of landscape feature and feature placement on agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 121, 463–470. Uusi-Kämppä J, Braskerud B and Jansson H et al. (2000). Buffer zone and constructed wetlands as filters for agricultural phosphorus. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 151–158. Wang G and Guo BQ (1999). Analysis of water quality of Yuqiao Reservior and countermeasures. Urban Environment & Urban Ecology 12, 27–28. 120
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International Water Association AGR
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2006 Conference Organising Committe
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Theme 2: Cost-effectiveness of Best
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Poster Presentations The Farm Soils
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viii
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managers need support in understand
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During the past 20 years, it became
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infiltration); and (4) capture, sto
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DOMINATING PARAMETERS OF IMPAIRMENT
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Using the results of the unsupervis
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Kohonen T (2001). Self-Organizing M
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WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IMPLEMENT
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Table 1: Modelled total annual loss
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• It should be possible to apply
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Scottish Executive against 18 measu
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REFERENCES Anthony S, Betson M, Lor
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ased on the ‘drainage basin’ in
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management practices’ (BMPs) toge
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It is envisaged that these data wil
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testing (including climate change)
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Council of the European Communities
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DECREASING THE NITROGEN SOIL SURFAC
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Table 1: Overview of the measures c
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Table 2: Costs (C), effects (E) and
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Figure 2: Combination of ‘best av
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At the 5-km 2
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REFERENCES Jordan P, Menary W, Daly
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Although the TMDL programme origina
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grassland and heather moorland, sup
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Given that the release of P from th
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to the underlying causes, and thus
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All water body use attainment infor
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indicate the possible presence of p
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DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF M
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BMP is being implemented and the ap
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THE USE OF PONDS TO REDUCE POLLUTIO
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established pond/wetland for nutrie
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Table 1: Hydraulic load, mean water
Page 77 and 78: Comparable SS removals have been re
Page 79 and 80: Reddy GB, Hunt PG, Phillips R, Ston
Page 81 and 82: In general, the combinations of mea
Page 83 and 84: final word on the POMs selection an
Page 85 and 86: CONCLUSIONS The ERBD project team i
Page 87 and 88: Table 1: A summary of the measures
Page 89 and 90: Table 3: A summary of the represent
Page 91 and 92: cost (£'000/farm) or reduction in
Page 93 and 94: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF MINIMISING
Page 95 and 96: spread cattle slurry in the autumn
Page 97 and 98: £25,000. The investment in trailin
Page 99 and 100: Studies on a drained clay soil at B
Page 101 and 102: REFERENCES Anon (2000). Fertiliser
Page 103 and 104: (Haygarth and Jarvis, 1999). The vo
Page 105 and 106: Application Representative farm sys
Page 107 and 108: Table 2: Modelled cost-curve for th
Page 109 and 110: ASSESSING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFU
Page 111 and 112: In the absence of data on the sourc
Page 113 and 114: Magnitude of Impacts The magnitude
Page 115 and 116: D. Use relative area of farm and wh
Page 117 and 118: ADAS has developed a matrix for Def
Page 119 and 120: Dickson JW, Edwards T, Jeffrey WA,
Page 121 and 122: 60% phosphorus and 50% nitrogen of
Page 123 and 124: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Landscape St
Page 125 and 126: was contributed to the low vegetati
Page 127: iological uptake in a grassed area.
Page 131 and 132: to control SS and P loads from agri
Page 133 and 134: Total P inputs in fertilisers and m
Page 135 and 136: Within the Teme catchment, largest
Page 137 and 138: A RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION ST
Page 139 and 140: Environmental Monitoring The primar
Page 141 and 142: BMP measure 1 (exclusion of stock f
Page 143 and 144: (a) With reference to the increase
Page 145 and 146: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SAC acknowledges f
Page 147 and 148: The Environment Sensitive Farming (
Page 149 and 150: improved further as a result of att
Page 151 and 152: to do more to reduce pesticide impa
Page 153 and 154: MANAGING DIFFUSE POLLUTION FROM A F
Page 155 and 156: turbulent air mixing. The effect th
Page 157 and 158: Although nitrate leaching can be re
Page 159 and 160: infiltration of water sheeting off
Page 161 and 162: Nisbet TR, Orr H and Broadmeadow S
Page 163 and 164: anthropogenic activities are pollut
Page 165 and 166: monitoring is determined up front b
Page 167 and 168: (USEPA). Nevertheless, by applying
Page 169 and 170: • Sampling equipment •Laborator
Page 171 and 172: Reinert RE, Knuth BA, Kamrin MA and
Page 173 and 174: Tier 3 - Tier 3 of LMCs is planned
Page 175 and 176: policy literature, although this is
Page 177 and 178: Figure 1: Individual-collective spe
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• tailoring activities to local c
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The support of the
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THE EFFECT OF DIFFUSE POLLUTION FRO
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equires the Minister to designate a
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protection and restoration, sustain
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expensive. One-to-one contact becom
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farmers. In England, recent policy
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practices but, hopefully, the chang
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A CASE STUDY: ADOPTION OF BEST MANA
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The approaches taken by Brittany to
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MANURE TREATMENT By January 2005, t
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REGULATORY OPTIONS FOR THE MANAGEME
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There are also measures that contro
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widely recognised as needing much a
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ploughed, of rivers and streams tha
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is the only mechanism identified fo
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PHOSPHORUS STORAGE IN FINE CHANNEL
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structure and minimum level of main
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REFERENCES May L, Place C, O’Hea
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LOUND CATCHMENT PROJECT: WORKING WI
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MINIMISING THE PRESSURES AND IMPACT
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Predicting Bathing Water Quality Vi
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Risk of illness percentages were ca
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Table 4: Expected lifetime benefits
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DETERMINATION OF THE VETERINARY ANT
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Thin Layer Chromatography The sampl
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Table 2: Regression functions and c
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OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR U
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to land managers and agency staff t
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stakeholders, together with their i
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REFERENCES EC (2000). Directive 200
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A third scenario was applied to Clu
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Based on a detailed distribution of
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could be misleading. The results of
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TACKLING DIFFUSE NITRATE POLLUTION:
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AMMONIA VOLATILISATION FROM CATTLE
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and 27% of the soil surface at 80 m
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FIELD TESTING OF MITIGATION OPTIONS
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techniques can significantly reduce
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NITRATE CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATE
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MATERIALS AND METHODS At two UK sit
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding of this wo
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y standard methods and fresh, end o
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comparable to those in water draini
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Results may be influential in deter
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• numbers and distribution of liv
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Using this method of classification
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Table 5: Results of land use scenar
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CONCLUSIONS As a decision support t
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types. This paper reports results f
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N Losses in Drainage Water Mean nit
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SOIL AND CROP MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON
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treatments, typically 10 storm even
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Tramline Effects In both years, obs
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Notes 278
show all

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