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Table 2:
Costs (C), effects (E) and cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of measures
regarding the nitrogen soil surface surplus in million Euro per year,
1.000 tons per year and 5/kg in 2015
CER
Germany 2,97
Austria 8,43
Czech
Republic
Slovak
Republic
0,71
1,02
Hungary 0,87
Slovenia 1,38
Romania 1,01
Bulgaria 0,56
Ukraine 1,28
M1 M2 M3 M4 Bundle
C
E
24,5
8,3
30,1
3,6
0,9
1,3
1,6
1,6
5,9
6,7
0,4
0,3
6,6
6,5
1,7
3,0
0,7
0,6
CER
19,91
24,21
14,83
12,62
12,57
27,69
10,68
9,69
5,47
C
E
268,5
13,5
291,6
12,0
65,4
4,4
98,0
7,8
217,7
17,3
42,6
1,5
364,7
34,2
68,9
7,1
31,0
5,7
CER
–3,39
–4,78
–1,01
–2,07
–0,77
–3,27
0,36
0,51
3,68
C
E
-93,4
27,6
-57,0
11,9
-13,5
13,4
-50,0
24,1
-78,0
101.2
-9,9
3,0
35,5
98,2
22,9
44,9
30,7
8,4
CER
3,21
5,32
0,53
0,50
0,59
1,67
–0,39
–0,11
–1,23
C
E
94,8
29,5
99,5
18,7
6,8
12,9
8,7
17,4
35,0
59,5
6,6
4,0
-31,6
81,1
-2,9
25,7
-10,9
8,8
CER
3,73
7,88
1,87
1,14
0,98
4,49
1,71
1,12
2,20
C
E
294,4
78,8
364,3
46,3
59,8
32,0
58,3
50,9
180,6
184,7
39,7
8,9
375,2
220,0
Notes: M1, accurate application of fertilisers regarding amount and time-related
application rates; M2, Reduction in nitrogen emissions from manure; M3, increase of plant
productivity by applying capital intensive production techniques; M4, reduction in direct
nitrogen emissions to the hydrosphere
Costs
90,5
80,7
51,5
23,4
The internal costs accruing to the agricultural producer when carrying out a measure
differ strongly depend on the area on which it is applied (considering only those
areas being part of the Danube River Basin), on the structure of production regarding
the kinds of agricultural products as well as on the cost levels in the countries
examined. Both, measures imposing additional costs to the agricultural producers
and measures increasing net profits, are identified. Measure M3 is commercially
profitable in Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary and
Slovenia. However, in Romania, Bulgaria and Ukraine this measure imposes costs
and thus decreases net profits, because the cost-level for machinery which is
involved in applying the measure is high in comparison to the general cost-level. On
the contrary, the labour intense measure M4 is profitable in Romania, Bulgaria and
Ukraine because of labour costs being low, while its implementation imposes costs
to the agricultural producers in the remaining countries analysed.
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