2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSTable A1.3: Technical factors, laying hen production in different production systems2003Traditional cages Barn Free-range OrganicLaying cycle (days) 406 413 413 413Empty period (days) 14 28 28 28Feed/bird/year (Kg) 40.58 41.02 44.44 44.44Feed/bird/day (g) 115 120 130 130Eggs/bird/year (collected) 269 246 238 235Kg feed per kg eggs 2.41 2.67 2.99 3.02Mortality (%) 6% 8% 10% 10%Number of hens managed/labourer 10,000 5,000 3,000 3,000Hens housed per m 2 house 18 7 7 6Space allowance per hen per cm 2 550 1,429 1,429 1,323Pullet cost 1 3.40 3.90 4.10 4.10End of lay hen weight Kg n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.End of lay hen price 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Fertiliser value 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20Notes: some data have been converted from laying cycle to year to correct for different laying cycle lengths by system.1This is the cost of buying in pullets and therefore includes a profit element for the rearer.Source: Industry data.A1.1.3.1. Production costs and gross marginsThe data presented below on variable costs and gross margins show that on the basis of gross marginper m 2 by far the best return was achieved for caged systems due to the fact that in particular feedcosts were significantly lower in this system than for all the alternatives and in particular comparedto organic production. It should be noted that the gross margins indicated below are exceptionallyhigh due to the favourable market conditions prevailing in 2003. Thus average prices ex packingstation in 2003 (for caged production size category M) were Euro 6.52/100 compared to Euro5.74/100 in 2002, a difference of 12%.110
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSTable A1.4: Variable costs and gross marginsVariable costs Caged Barn Free-range OrganicPullet price in € per head 3.40 3.90 4.10 4.10Adjusted pullet price in € per hen/year 3.05 3.44 3.61 3.61LossesFeed costsin € 100kg/hen/year8.19 8.76 9.58 16.37Veterinarian, medicines 0.15 0.60 0.60 0.70Cleaning, disinfection 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04Water 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11Total energy 0.20 0.36 0.36 0.36Floor material 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.07Nest material 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30Maintenance and repairs 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Insurance 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.18Producer levy per hen 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17Pasture maintenance per ha 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07Professional orgs. lvey 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05Packaging 0.50 0.47 0.46 0.45Other variable costs 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20Total variable costs in € per head 12.85 14.52 15.61 22.78Gross revenueSaleable output € per hen 15.31 17.43 19.04 28.90Processing € per hen 0.38 0.41 0.51 0.51Spent hens € per hen 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Fertiliser value € per hen 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20Total gross revenue 15.98 18.14 19.85 29.71less variable costs 12.85 14.52 15.61 22.78Gross margin per hen 3.13 3.63 4.24 6.93per m² 56.99 25.38 29.68 41.57A1.1.4. Egg processingIt is estimated that some 45% of overall supplies (on average between 15-25% of domesticproduction) is sold to processors. The greater part of this surplus is accounted for by eggs fromalternative production systems where there appears to have been substantial (partially governmentsupported) over-investment since 1995. The level of surplus is variable with production being gearedto the two annual peaks in usage at Christmas and Easter (at Easter demand rises 30% above theaverage for the year as a whole). Since production is largely inflexible (although there is some effortto introduce new hens with higher productivity) just before Easter, means that demand is heavilydependent on tourist arrivals both in the winter (often weather dependent) and summer (when inany case fewer eggs are eaten).111
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