2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENShouse. This figure was divided by the number of eggs collected per year and the result multipliedby 16. Some respondents provided a cost per hen place. Where this was the case the figurewas depreciated over ten years and divided by annual egg production multiplied by 16. Finally,some respondents provided this information in per dozen egg terms which was then correctedto kg egg terms. Although the vast majority of producers would need to borrow money to builda new house, the cost of interest was not calculated. This is because interest rates vary and notall producers will borrow the same amount.Equipment: the cost of equipment was treated in the same manner as building costs, althoughin this case the ten-year book write off period is closer to the actual usable life. In a minority ofcases respondents presented building and equipment costs together.Land: although land is required for all systems, it is only the free range and organic systemswhere this represents an additional cost. This cost was either given by respondents in dozen eggterms or was calculated from the stocking density and the average rental price per hectare.Manure disposal: not all respondents included a charge for this on the grounds that in manycases manure can either be used on-farm in other enterprises 14 , or used for pelleting. In thelatter case the farmer often receives no payment, but the pelleter incurs the cost of removal.Where a charge was included it was typically for removing manure from a house with a specifiednumber of birds. This charge was divided by the number of eggs collected over the laying cycleand multiplied by 16.Insurance: this covers both buildings and the flock and was usually provided as a fixed annualpayment for a house of a certain size. This figure was then divided by the annualised number ofeggs collected and multiplied by 16.Utilities: water, electricity and other forms of power are included under this heading. Whennot provided as a charge per kg eggs this was often given as a cost per bird per laying cycle or anannual charge for a house of a specified capacity. This was converted by dividing by eggscollected over the laying cycle and multiplying by 16 in the first case and by dividing by thenumber of birds in the house and then the annualised number of eggs collected in the secondcase.Cleaning: not all respondents provided a cost for cleaning. Where it was provided it wasusually a cost for a house of a specified size. This figure was divided by the number of birds inthe house and then by the number of eggs collected over the laying cycle.Miscellaneous: as under variable costs this category was intended to capture any costs that arenot specified elsewhere. Where respondents cited miscellaneous costs they included elementssuch as repairs and maintenance and office costs. In some cases this category included costsseparately identified above, but mixed in with other costs making it impossible to extract themwith any certainty.14 Technically in this case there really ought to be a positive value equal to the value of the inorganic fertiliser replaced less the cost ofremoving it from poultry sheds. However, it was not possible to calculate this value in the context of interviews with associations who areonly concerned with the egg enterprise.32
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENS2.4.2. Member State data2.4.2.1. Variable costsWeighted average variable costs for each Member State and for each system (with the exception ofthe semi-intensive system) are presented in Figure 2.15 to Figure 2.19. All figures are Agra CEASConsulting calculations based on industry estimates.Key points include the following in relation to each system.Traditional cage system:the most significant cost is feed accounting for around 65%-75% of total variable costs with birddepreciation contributing most of the remainder;not all Member State data separately reports veterinary and medication costs as the cost ofvaccines being given at the rearing stage may be included in the pullet price;some Member State data records miscellaneous variable costs, but these are insignificant andmost do not in any case;Greece, Ireland, Italy and Finland are high cost Member States, mainly as a result of high feedcosts, although bird depreciation is also high in Greece and Finland;The lowest cost Member States are Belgium, Portugal and the Netherlands, mainly as a result ofaccess to cheaper feed in the case of Belgium and the Netherlands and through verticalintegration in terms of pullet production in Portugal; finally, it should be noted that for comparison purposes the feed cost in Spain has been set at €30which is considered to be a typical level as the €37 cost in 2003 was artificially high in 2003 as aresult of drought (see Appendix 1 for further details).Enriched cage system:these costs should be treated with caution as the experience with enriched cages is notwidespread and the cost figures obtained are drawn from larger, more efficient units witheconomies of scale;the Belgian figures are experimental;the UK figures are drawn from ‘enrichable’ cages operating at 630 cm 2 rather than 750 cm 2 andfrom a very efficient producer. They therefore compare well with typical variable costs fortraditional cages;there is little difference between the figures presented by Member State.33
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