2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSeggs. There is a fear that if the implementation causes a reduction in production, there may be aproblem in securing eggs for processing.A concern for the future relates to the relative usage of dried versus liquid egg. Dried egg is lighterto transport, does not require chilled storage and has a longer shelf life than liquid egg. Dried eggproducts are therefore more vulnerable to competition from imports, whether from the EU or thirdcountries. The size of the dried product market is increasing in Finland, although this does not seemto be at the expense of the liquid market. However, converting production systems in the foodindustry from those that use liquid to those that use dried egg is not considered to be difficult and inprinciple this could happen. In such a scenario the market in Finland would be much more open tocompetition from imports.A lot will depend on consumer habits and how these might change between now and 2012. Anincreasing number of meals are taken out of the home and a greater proportion of ready meals areconsumed. Finland has a high proportion of women in the workforce and this may accelerate thistrend. Increases in this type of consumption are likely to increase the demand for processed eggproducts.Scanegg did introduce some processed egg products (for example, omelette mix) to the retail sectorin 2001 to test the market, but these were subsequently withdrawn. These products may well bereintroduced to take advantage of changes in lifestyle in the medium term and, if successful, this mayhelp to underpin the market.In summary, the processing industry in Finland would find it difficult to increase the price ofprocessed products to maintain margins given the threat from imported products both from withinthe EU and also from third countries. The strategy for the processing sector is therefore one oftrying to add value, increase efficiency and build market share in the medium term. Whilst there is adegree of nervousness in the industry about the likely impact of the Directive, there is still time toadjust.160
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSA1.5. FranceA1.5.1. OverviewFrance will implement the prohibition on egg production in unenriched cage systems set out inDirective 1999/74/EC from 2012 having transposed the Directive in 2002. France is Europe’s largestegg producer (18%). In 2002 the country had 47 million hens in production, 7.9 million of which werebred in alternative systems. This figure has been increasing in recent past years. Eggs sourced fromalternative production accounted for 20% of egg volume consumption and 34% of eggs sold in superand hyper-markets.Production is relatively dispersed and carried out in relatively small-holdings. Eggs are graded inpackaging stations in which several producers are grouped. Marketing is concentrated in three largegroups, which represent around 80% of total egg marketing. These groups establish contracts withlarge retailers, through which they guarantee an annual average price to the producers. Theprofitability of the sector is low and even negative in certain periods.An increasing proportion of French egg production is processed by the egg products industry. In 2002this proportion was 30%. This industry has been the responsible for the change in the egg sector asegg production has remained constant.Trade in eggs and egg products represents only a small proportion of French production. The overallegg trade balance has been positive, mainly due to the trade in processed egg products; the trade inconsumption eggs has on the contrary had a negative trade balance.Total per capita egg consumption in France is expected to remain constant at around 255 eggs peryear. Generally processed egg product consumption is expected to increase, while an equivalentreduction in the fresh egg consumption is expected.A1.5.2. Egg productionFrance is the EU’s largest egg producer producing some 15.1 million consumption eggs (992,000 t) or18% of EU production in 2002.The egg cluster for 2002/03 is represented in Figure A1.21 below which indicates that at this pointthere were 49.1 million hens in 2,100 holdings. Production is therefore relatively fragmented with anaverage of 23,300 hens per holding. On the other hand, there are 560 packaging stations,representing an average of 3.75 holdings per station. 85% of all eggs produced (13.3 million) arepackaged in these stations. National egg consumption is 15.4 million eggs, indicating a slight surplus of1.2%. The foreign trade balance is positive (0,2 million eggs), mainly due to the positive egg producttrade balance. Per capita consumption has been rising slightly due to an increase in the egg productconsumption, while fresh egg consumption has been diminishing.161
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