2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENS1995. This is likely to result from national support measures to encourage producers to switch intoalternative systems. Whilst this appears to have been successful, demand did not follow supply. It isnot clear exactly what has happened to these surplus eggs, but the presumption is that these haveeither been ‘cascaded’ into the caged egg supply chain (a practice that is no longer possible under theEgg Marketing Regulation 54 from January 1, 2004) and/or have been sent for processing, presumablywithout a premium.90,00080,00070,00060,000Number of eggs ('000)50,00040,00030,00020,00010,00001990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Free Range Deep litter Perchery All alternative systemsFigure A1.11: Surplus of eggs from alternative systems 1990-2003Source: DG Agri.A1.3.2.4. Technical dataTechnical data are gathered by the Danish Poultry Council and account for approximately a quarterof Danish egg producers. Table A1.14 shows technical data for 2002, the last year for which suchdata are available. There are no semi-intensive systems in use in Denmark and data for enrichedcages are not presently available. Organic systems are included due to the importance of this systemin the Danish context.Key points to note are the higher feed requirements in alternative systems and the lower number ofeggs collected per year. Mortality appears to be little different with the exception of the organicsystem (although see note to the table). Whilst a higher price is paid for pullets in alternativesystems, these birds attract a higher price at end of lay 55 .54 Regulation (EEC) No 5/2001 amending Regulation (EEC) 1907/90.55 It is not currently permitted to transport spent hens from caged systems for slaughter in Denmark because they are considered to betoo frail to travel. In some cases therefore disposing of spent hens is likely to entail a cost.134
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSTable A1.14: Performance comparison of egg production systems in use in Denmark(2002) (prices in € at 1DKK = €0.134)TraditionalcagesBarn Free-range OrganicLaying cycle (days) 392 364 336 336Empty period (days) 28 28 28 28Feed/bird/year (Kg) 38.50 42.03 43.80 43.80Feed/bird/day (g) 113 124 130 130Eggs/bird/year (collected) 289 269 268 231Kg feed per kg eggs 2.13 2.50 2.62 3.04Mortality (%) 1 5.7% 9.7% 8.9% 18.4%Number of hens managed/labourer 2 12,308 8,807 7,218 4,507Hens housed per m 2 house 18 9 9 6Space allowance per hen per cm 2 600 1,111 1,111 1,667Pullet cost 3 3.75 4.34 4.34 6.73End of lay hen weight Kg n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.End of lay hen price 0.04 0.13 0.13 0.18Notes: some data have been converted from laying cycle to year to correct for thediffering lengths of laying cycle by system.1. Mortality can vary significantly from year to year.2. Based on minutes per hen data from 1990 and a standard working year of 1,600 hours. It is likely that currently morehens can be managed per labourer in all systems as technology has led to efficiency gains.3. This is the cost of buying in a pullet, not the cost of rearing. It therefore includes a profit element for the rearer.Source: Danish Poultry Council and Agra CEAS Consulting calculations.A1.3.2.5. Production costsVariable production costs in Denmark are presented in Table A1.15 and Table A1.16 presents fixedcosts. As anticipated from the technical requirement for additional feed in alternative systems, thecost of feed per dozen eggs is also higher. Bird depreciation is also higher following higher pulletcosts and lower egg production. Total variable costs are therefore higher in alternative systemscompared to traditional cage systems. Amongst alternative systems, barn production offers thelowest variable cost.Estimates exist for enriched cage fixed costs and show a higher cost for equipment and labourcompared to traditional cages, although the building cost is expected to be the same. The fixed costsassociated with barn production are 13.8% higher than traditional cage production whilst thoseassociated with free range are 15.0% higher. The substantially higher cost of buildings for organicproduction makes the total fixed cost almost twice as expensive as traditional cages.Table A1.15: Variable (running) costs of production (per kg eggs) (prices in € cents at1DKK = €0.134)Traditional cages Barn Free-range OrganicFeed cost 40.00 49.33 52.00 89.33135
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