2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSTable A1.76: Research resultsTraditionalcage(450 cm²)Traditional cage(550 cm²)Scenario1Scenario2Enriched cage(750 cm²)Scenario1Scenario2Barn(Perchery)(1,110 cm²)Scenario1Scenario2Barn(DeepLitter)(1,110cm²)Second grade eggs Base +2% Equal +5% -2% +2% Equal EqualEgg production Base -5 Equal -15 Equal -10 Equal -6Feed conversion ratio 1 Base +0.20 +0.05 +0.20 +0.05 +0.20 +0.05 +0.15Mortality Base +2% Equal +5% +2% +5% +2% +0.5%Production costs(euro/kg eggs) 0.75 0.82 0.79 0.89 0.86 0.92 0.88 0.96Note:1 Feed conversion ration +0.10 or more: feeding price 0.45 euro/100 kg cheaper.Source: Animal Sciences Group, Applied Research Division, posterpresentation Effects of welfare aspects to cost price for table eggs,Bremen, Germany, 2002.The results show that in comparison to traditional cages (450 cm², beak trimmed hens): Production costs in traditional cages with 550 cm² and no beak trimmed hens increased by 4-8%. In enriched cages the costs increased by 12-17%. In Barn (Perchery) the costs increased by 16-21%. In Barn (Deep Litter) the costs increased by 27%.In conclusion the report states that the increase in production costs for higher animal welfare liessomewhere between 4 and 21 Euro cents (equivalent to 4% and 27% of total production costs),depending on the system used and the scenario. The higher space allowance leads to higher housingcosts of 3-8 Euro cents/kg, higher feeding costs of 1-5 Euro cents/kg and higher labour costs of 0-5Euro cents/kg. Ending beak trimming is, according to this report, likely to lead to higher feedingcosts of 1-3 Euro cents/kg.The Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI) has also published calculations relating to theincreasing cost of egg production as a result of animal welfare improvements. They state that thecost price (including labour) of eggs from caged hens (450 cm²) in the Netherlands was 71 Euro centsper kg, or 52.8 Euro cents per dozen eggs. The authors estimate that the cost of egg production willincrease by 8% (5.6 Euro cent per kg egg) between 2000 and 2005 as a result of the increase in spaceallowance per hen, a ban on beak trimming, salmonella controls, the ban on the use of meat andbone meal, reduction of ammonia emissions and the introduction of an energy tax on electricity.The difference in cost resulting from the increase in space allowance alone is estimated to be 4%.246
APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSA1.10.2.5. Gross marginsAdding egg and spent hen revenue to the variable cost data in the previous section allows thecalculation of producer gross margin Table A1.77. This shows that the additional revenue availablefrom both eggs and the spent hen more than compensate for the higher variable costs leading tohigher gross margins in the alternative systems.Table A1.77: Egg producer gross margin per kg (2003) in Euro centsTraditional cages Barn Free range OrganicEgg returns 71.98 86.38 99.98 172.76Revenue from spent hens 1.49 1.82 1.90 3.50Output (per year) 73.47 88.20 101.88 176.26Total variable costs 58.55 66.87 71.15 132.62Gross margin 14.92 21.33 30.73 43.64Source: ASG-publication: KWIN-V 2003-2004 and Agra CEAS Consulting calculations.A1.10.3. Egg processingThere were 17 egg processing companies active in the Netherlands in 2002 using a total of 2.295billion eggs. Table A1.78 shows that there has been a significant amount of concentration in thesector since 2000 with the loss of 6 companies. Despite this, the number of eggs supplied to theindustry was broadly similar in 2000 and 2002 suggesting that existing companies were increasing inscale. Production of egg products was 42% higher in 2003 than in 1992.Table A1.78: Number of firms in the egg processing industry and their production 1992-2003Volume of eggs bought-in annually: 1992 2000 2002 2003< 625,000 kg 5625,000-10,000,000 kg 3>10,000,000 kg 9Total number of firms n.a. 23 18 17Total number of eggs supplied to industry, excluding imports (‘000 tons eggs) 103.9 144.2 142.3 n.a.Production of egg products (‘000 tons liquid egg equivalent) 103.8 133.1 127.4 147.0 (1)Note:Total production in 2002 is provisional.Source: PVE-publication: Vee, vlees en eieren in cijfers, various years.A1.10.3.1. Processor concentrationThe Dutch processing sector is very concentrated with just 17 companies in 2003. These are listedalphabetically in Table A1.79 with their share of production in 2001, the latest available year. TheTable also shows the 4-firm concentration ratio (82%) and the 8-firm concentration ratio (98%).247
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