2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSlow bird depreciation cost for the enrichable system is a function of scale rather than system in thatpullets can be bought more cheaply.Table A1.128: Variable (running) costs of production (per kg eggs) (prices in € at £ =€1.48358) 2003TraditionalcagesEnriched cages Barn Free range OrganicFeed cost 42.37 42.16 48.70 55.07 107.85Medication/vet 0.47 0.47 1.27 1.11 0.456372MiscellaneousBird depreciation 18.79 18.57 20.86 21.29 23.19Total variable costs 61.62 61.20 70.84 77.47 131.50Notes:Whilst medication and veterinary bills are considered to be insignificant per dozen eggs and are therefore omitted,they are nonetheless considerably higher in some alternative systems compared to caged systems. No miscellaneous costs are recorded.Source: Industry estimates.Table A1.129 presents fixed costs. As mentioned above, data have been contributed from a range ofsources. Whilst variable costs are little different given the fact that they are essentially made up offeed and bird depreciation, fixed costs are heavily influenced by scale and degree of automation. Itwould therefore be misleading to take into account the performance of a very large, modern andfully automated (in-line packing) system when this is not representative of the majority of theindustry. However, the fixed costs from such an enrichable system are presented on the groundsthat any enriched systems installed will be modern and are likely to be highly automated. Althoughthe total fixed cost for the enriched system is considerably lower than that of the representativetraditional caged system, where the traditional caged system is equally automated and modern, fixedcosts in the enrichable variant are approximately 50% higher. The reason for this is the higherequipment cost 145 .The fixed cost of the enriched system is lower than the alternative systems as a result of scale.Although not apparent at two decimal places, there are insurance and utility costs associated withthis system. The main point of difference is the labour cost, although it is interesting to note thelower cost for buildings (which includes equipment) and for utilities.145 The same building, with the same construction cost, could be used for either system.322
APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSTable A1.129: Capital (fixed) costs (per kg eggs) (prices in € cents at £ = €1.48358) 2003Traditional cage Enriched cage Barn Free range OrganicLabour 7.26 3.35 18.18 26.16 32.04Buildings 3.60 3.35 4.70 5.06 6.97Equipment 7.20 6.70 9.40 10.12 13.93Land 1.61 0.79Manure disposalInsurance 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.54 0.40Utilities 2.54 0.87 1.74 2.29 1.80Cleaning 1.71 1.71 5.47 5.95 5.95Miscellaneous 4.15 0.01 2.57 4.70 5.85Total fixed costs 26.86 16.19 42.45 56.44 67.74Notes:Buildings includes equipment and both are written off over 10 years.Miscellaneous includes repairs and maintenance, manure removal, cleaning and office costs.Organic land has the same cost as non-organic land because a lot of people have converted to organic production andneed to have organic livestock on the land as a condition of payment depressing the rent they can charge. Under the Lion Code and Freedom Foods the stocking density is lower for the free range system. Producing to thesestandards would increase the cost of land by a factor of 2.5 (1,000 birds per hectare instead of 2,500).Source: Industry estimates.A1.15.2.6. Gross marginsBuilding on the cost data in Section A1.15.2.5, Table A1.130 presents revenue figures and from thiscalculates producer gross margin. The higher returns from alternative systems compared to cagedsystems outweigh the greater costs of production to yield a higher gross margin. Whilst the grossmargin for the enrichable cage system is the lowest, it should be noted that the price received foreggs is lower than for the traditional cage system. This is not a reflection on the value of the eggs,but simply results from the different market that the contributor of the figures operates in. On theother hand the scale of this producer makes the cost of disposing of spent hens insignificant and thiswould not be the case at a smaller scale. The main point is the cost of production which is onlymarginally higher.Table A1.130: Egg producer gross margin per kg (2003) (prices in Euro cents at £ =€1.48358)TraditionalcagesEnriched cages Barn Free range OrganicEgg returns 45 79.10 106.97 133.06 209.91Revenue from spent hens -0.54 -0.39 -0.57 -0.65 -0.60Output (per year) 83.54 78.71 106.40 132.41 209.30Total variable costs 61.62 61.20 70.84 77.47 131.50Gross margin 21.92 17.51 35.56 54.94 77.81Note: The enriched system also has a cost for spent hens, but this is insignificant in per dozen terms due to scale rather thanthe system.Source: Industry estimates.323
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