2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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APPENDIX 2: THIRD COUNTRIESTable A2.40: Typical production cycle benchmarks for table egg laying operations of30,000 or more laying hens 1999ActionWeeks of ageFlocks placed in production 17.5Flock reaches 5% production 20Flock reaches 50% production 22.6Flock reaches peak production 28.6First molt initiated 67.6Unmolted flocks removed from production 73.7Molted flocks removed from production 1 111.41 This is the average age at which all molted flocks were removed from production. It is estimated on the basis of tradeestimates that about 88% of these flocks were molted once and that 12% were molted twice.Source: USDA, APHIS, Layers ’99, October 1999.By nearly every standard, U.S. layer performance has steadily improved over the past 15 years ormore. Don Bell, University of California, has been collecting records on a large sample of U.S. tableegg flocks since 1973. The resulting database represents more than 7,000 flocks and an estimated370 million hens and is one of the most comprehensive data sets available anywhere in the world.Trends in egg production and feed conversion, based on Bell’s data, can be seen in Figure A2.10below. The number of eggs produced per hen to 60 weeks of age increased by 23.1 (11.2%)between 1985 and 2001 while the feed required per dozen eggs declined by 12.4%. The averagemortality rate to 60 weeks of age was cut in half over this period, falling from 8.8% in 1985 to 4.4% in2001. The share of flocks averaging 230 eggs or more per hen during 60 weeks of age rose from0.4% in 1985 to 51.6% in 2001.378
APPENDIX 2: THIRD COUNTRIES2303.33.252253.22203.153.12153.0521032.952051990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 20012.9Eggs/hen (60 weeks)Lbs feed/doz.eggsFigure A2.10: Trends in U.S. layer performance 1985-2001Source: Donald bell, University of California, Feb 15 th 2004.A2.4.2.4. Production costsThe cost of egg production in the U.S. has been estimated on the basis of secondary informationdrawn from several different sources. Prior to March 2004, the USDA had estimated the total costof production per dozen eggs and the feed cost per dozen eggs on a monthly basis. Themethodology for these estimates was developed on the basis of information collected in 1984.While the feed cost component was updated monthly on the basis of changes in the key ingredients,all other costs were represented by a constant value (18.2¢/dozen) that hadn’t been changed for 20years. Neither had the technical coefficients, such as the feed conversion ratios, been updated.However, this remains the best available information and the key information relating to the make upof feed rations is presented in Table A2.41 below. In 2003, USDA estimated average feed costs of28.1¢/dozen and total production cost at 46.3¢/dozen 158 . USDA’s estimate of the cost of packaging,assembly, and distribution to wholesale markets had also remained fixed at 20.5¢/dozen since 1984.In 2003, the cost of eggs at wholesale averaged 66.8¢/dozen by USDA’s calculation.158 This includes other variable costs and fixed costs which we have split out separately.379
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Study on thesocio-economic implicat
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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF
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