2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSBox A1.14: Profile Gold-Ei Erzeugerverbund GmbHGold-Ei Erzeugerverbund GmbH is estimated to pack and market the production from some6mn hens (1 bn + eggs). Largest individual member is Salmet GmbH & Co.which holds about 3 mnhens largely in traditional (550 sq. cm) cages. The bulk of production is in the eastern half ofGermany where there are four units including two with respectively 950,000-1mn hen places and780,000 places. In addition six farms in the state of Hesse supply approximately a further 800,000-1mn hen placesOwnership: Marketing organisation with Gold-Ei brandMain markets: Domestic retail chain and some 30% to processorsA1.6.2.2. Production (packer) concentrationThe German packing industry is highly concentrated. The largest of the packers, DeutscheFrühstücksei GmbH, accounts for some 30% of the total. Between them these four account for anestimated 67% of total eggs packed in Germany. The 8-firm concentration ration is estimated at48%. The estimated market shares for the top eight packers ( 83%) is presented in Table A1.37below.Table A1.37: Main packers in Germany and concentrationRank Company Output 20031 Deutsche Frühstücksei GmbH 4.1 bn eggs2 Gold-Ei Erzeugerverbund GmbH 1 bn eggs3 Eierhof Hennes GmbH 1 bn eggs4 EZH Gutshof Ei GmbH 0.5 bn eggs5 W.H. Frischei 0.5 bn eggs6 Eifrisch-Vermarktung 0.5 bn eggs7 Rodinger Frischei 0.25 bn eggs8 Amshoff 0.25 bn eggs9 Rühl 0.25 bn eggs10 Fischer Weppler 0.25 bn eggs11 Others 1.25 bn eggsTotal eggs packed9.8 billion eggsA1.6.2.3. Main production systemsThe predominant mode of production is in traditional caged systems which accounted for 86.4% ofthe number of laying hens in 2001. In this year 6.9% of hens were held in free range systems(Freilandhaltung). Deep litter systems (Bodenhaltung) accounted for 5.9% of hens in 2001 and therewas almost no production perchery systems (Volierenhaltung). In 2002, the trend towards anincreasing share of hens held in alternative systems continued (15.1% of hens were held in alternativesystems and 84.1% in cages in 2002), with the exception of semi-intensive systems (0.1% in 2002compared to 0.5% in 2001). The biggest increase occurred for free range systems, which accountedfor 8.6% of laying hens held in 2002. Since the early 1990s the share of hens in alternative productionsystems has risen gradually from a base of 3.1% in 1990 to 13.6% in 2001.182
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSTable A1.38: Evolution of laying hen numbers by system 1990-2001Caged Free Range Semi-intensive Deep litter Perchery Total layinghens1990 43,049,559 216,974 11,342 1,136,325 4,800 44,419,0001991 56,952,368 259,302 17,026 1,122,524 48,780 58,400,0001992 53,064,696 306,983 27,831 994,807 5,683 54,400,0001993 49,139,961 206,736 24,126 1,322,887 6,290 50,700,0001994 49,469,702 569,519 36,751 1,616,409 7,619 51,700,0001995 47,399,321 778,123 44,268 2,458,605 19,683 50,700,0001996 46,668,197 1,524,451 31,136 2,353,942 22,274 50,600,0001997 41,881,730 1,381,085 140,934 2,112,330 34,062 45,550,1411998 39,850,070 1,801,535 139,523 2,411,497 31,315 44,233,9401999 38,102,880 2,267,166 197,147 2,544,508 54,059 43,165,7602000 37,571,429 2,899,353 217,422 2,534,619 66,128 43,288,9512001 39,536,197 3,160,936 246,991 2,688,802 123,074 45,756,000Sources: DG Agri and Agra CEASA1.6.3. Technical factorsThe technical factors and production costs presented for Germany in this and the following sectionsare currently based on Agra CEAS estimates.Table A1.39: Performance comparison of egg production systems, Germany, 2003Traditional cages Barn Free-range OrganicLaying cycle (days) 406 413 413 413Empty period (days) 14 28 28 28Feed/bird/year (Kg) 39.52 41.02 44.44 44.44Feed/bird/day (g) 112 120 130 130Eggs/bird/laying cycle (collected) 275 265 238 235Kg feed per kg eggs 2.30 2.48 2.99 3.02Mortality (%) 6% 8% 10% 10%Number of hens managed/labourer 20,000 20,000 5,000 5,000Hens housed per m2 house 18 7 7 6Space allowance per hen per cm2 550 1,429 1,429 1,323Pullet cost 3.32 3.58 4.10 4.10End of lay hen weight Kg n/a n/a n/a n/aEnd of lay hen price 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Source: Agra CEASA1.6.3.1. Production costsTypical variable costs of production are presented in Table A1.40 and fixed costs in Table A1.41.Based on the technical factors presented in Section A1.6.3 there is an additional cost for feed in thealternative systems.183
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