2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTS100%90%80%70%Proportion of laying hens60%50%40%30%20%10%0%1990 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 20011-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000-19,999 20,000-49,999 50,000+Figure A1.57: Evolution of proportion of laying hens by flock size 1990 to 2001Note: data were unavailable for some years.Source: PVE-publication: Vee, vlees en eieren in cijfers, various years.Combining the above information it can be seen that whilst just 9% of holdings had flocks in excess of50,000 laying hens in 2002, these flocks accounted for half of the Dutch national flock. Conversely,whilst 47% of holdings with laying hens had less than 5,000 birds in the same year, these accountedfor just 3% of the national flock. This demonstrates a move towards a smaller proportion of largeholdings with an increasing proportion of the national flock since 1990.There is only a small number of very small producer groups supplying eggs to buyers. The bulk ofeggs are sold direct to egg packing centres, usually on short-term supply or price contracts. This isespecially the case for eggs from alternative systems. These contracts usually cover one laying cycleand market prices are paid. About half of the eggs supplied to the egg processing industry are on thebasis of a fixed price contract. These typically run for up to one year.Vertical integration is very limited, although some integration is now being introduced towards theconsumer end of the supply chain. However, a few egg packing centres still have their own eggproduction facilities on site. This is largely for historical reasons and stems from when largeproducers decided to pack and market their own eggs. As scale increased they started to pack eggsfrom other farms as well and over time the packing centre became the core business.236
APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSIn 2003 outbreaks of Avian Influenza had a negative effect on Dutch egg production. Provisionalfigures from PVE show that production amounted to just 7 billion eggs (27% lower than the previousyear). The equivalent of 2.2 billion eggs were imported in shell and as products to compensate.Egg production for 2004 and 2005 is estimated at 9 billion, only 6% down on 2002. This reduction ispartly due to the increased space allowance from 450 cm² to 550 cm² and partly to the buying-in ofpoultry rights (through environmental legislation). A positive effect on production comes from theswitch from broiler producers and producers of layer replacement stock into laying hens.Overall egg production in the Netherlands is limited due to the poultry rights under nationalenvironmental legislation. Egg production effectively has a ceiling of around 10 billion per annum.A1.10.2.1. Production (packer) concentrationThe number of packing centres decreased by two-thirds between 1992 and 2002 from 474 to 162,although the number of eggs bought in remained fairly stable at just over 8 billion (although this is abillion less than in 2000). The top 18 packing centres (all of whom pack in excess of 100 million eggsannually) account for around 76% of all eggs packed. The average number of eggs packed annuallyacross all packing centres is 48 million eggs, up from 17 million in 1992 see Table A1.68.Table A1.68: Number of egg packing centres by volume of eggs bought-in 1990-2002Volume of eggs bought-in annually 1992 2000 2002< 1 million eggs 271 60 421-9.9 million eggs 127 72 5810-99.9 million eggs 62 47 44>100 million eggs 14 23 18Total number of egg packing centres 474 202 162Total number of eggs bought-in, including imports (million eggs) 7,958 8,949 7,808Average number of eggs bought-in (million eggs) 16.8 44.3 48.2Source: PVE-publication: Vee, vlees en eieren in cijfers, various years.As illustrated above, the Netherlands packing industry is fairly large and fragmented with 18companies accounting for just over three quarters of all eggs packed. The 4-firm concentration ratiois 48% and the 8-firm concentration ratio is 59% see Table A1.69. Although figures are not availableto calculate the concentration ratios in 1990, it is clear from Table A1.68 above that the sector ismore concentrated now that it has been with fewer packing centres and higher average throughput.237
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