2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSA1.6.5.3. Consumer behaviourEgg demand by type of retail outlet:Figure A1.34 shows the results of a survey of egg demand of German households 84 by type of retailoutlet. In 2003, 72% of German household bought eggs from food retailers. Within this categorypurchases at discounters dominate with 45% (Aldi 22%). The importance of the different types ofretail outlet differs considerably between the old and the new Länder. Egg purchases directly fromthe producer play a more important role in Western Germany. The discounter Aldi sells more eggsin Western than in Eastern Germany.discounterexcl. Aldi23%supermarket /traditional foodretailer7%others5%consumer market20%Aldi22%weekly market8%farmer / producer/ house sale15%Figure A1.34: Egg demand by type of retail outlet in Germany 2003Source: ZMP 2004.Packaging:According to a survey commissioned by ZMP/CMA, 85% of all eggs in Germany were sold packedand 15% were sold loose in 2003.Egg demand by production system:Figure A1.35 shows the household purchases of eggs from different types of egg farming in the firsttwo months of 2004. In line with Regulation 2295/2003, eggs sold in the EU have had to be labelledwith a code indicating the rearing method (organic, free range, barn or cage) since 1 st January 2004.40% of eggs bought by German households in January and February 2004 were produced from hensreared in cages. Among the alternative production methods, free range dominates with 19%. For27% of eggs sold to households, the production system was unknown (unlabelled eggs) but it can beassumed these are largely from caged production.84 Survey of 8,000 households. Eggs eaten via food service outlets and the consumption of processed eggs are not taken into consideration.188
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSunknown27%free range19%barn8%organic6%cage40%Figure A1.35: Egg demand of German households by type of production system, Januaryand February 2004Source: ZMP 2004.A1.6.5.4. Demand and supply elasticitiesWhilst there is no research on the elasticity of demand for eggs, the German industry considers eggsto be a staple product and therefore relatively inelastic.A1.6.6. The impact of Directive 1999/74/ECA1.6.6.1. Implementation to dateGermany has implemented EC Directive 99/74 in full and has imposed more stringent conditions onGerman producers via national legislation 85 . Under this legislation there will be a ban on traditionalbattery cages as of 1 January 2007 and a ban on the usage of all types of cages, including enrichedcages, from 1 January 2012. The ban on the construction of traditional cages was introduced on 6July 1999.The German national legislation is currently the subject of extensive debate. A recent three year longgovernment commissioned study 86 based on six pilot enterprises using various types of enriched85 Notably via the ‘Erste Verordnung zur Aenderung der Tierschutznutztierhaltungsverordung of 28 February 2002’ BGB Part 1 of 12March 2002.86 ‘Modellvorhaben Ausgestaltete Käfige, Die ökonomischen Auswirkungen der Praxiserprobung von ausgestalteten Käfigen für dieLegehennenhaltung in sechs deutschen Pilotbetrieben’, Peter Hinrichs and Anke Redantz, Institut für Betriebswirtschaft, derBundesforschungsanstalt für Betriebswirtschaft (FAL), Braunschweig, 2004.189
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