2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSA1.12.4.3. Demand and supply elasticitiesWhilst there is no research on the elasticity of demand for eggs, the Portuguese industry considerseggs to be a staple product and therefore relatively inelastic. The proven willingness of Portugueseconsumers to pay a higher price for eggs produced under more animal welfare conditions supportsthis conclusion.A1.12.5. The impact of Directive 1999/74/ECA1.12.5.1. Implementation to datePortugal has transposed the Directive into national legislation. The effect of introducing the reducedcage density from 1 January 2003 has been to increase costs. The bulk of producers have notinvested in expanded facilities and there has therefore been a reduction in the stock of laying hens.This decline is, however, not reflected in the national statistics because of an increase in theproduction of pullets for export. There are currently no enriched cages but the main producerorganisation (ANAPO) and the national Veterinary Research Station are planning to introduce sometesting.280
APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSA1.13. SpainA1.13.1. OverviewSpain will implement the prohibition on egg production in unenriched cage systems set out inDirective 1999/74/EC from 2012. The Spanish egg industry is relatively concentrated with 430producers with flocks of more than 30,000 birds (in 2000) accounting for just under three quarters(73%) of the 56.8 mn bird laying hen capacity. Egg production of eggs for consumption in Spain isaround 1.07 million tonnes (2003). Spain is a net exporter of eggs.Egg production and consumption in Spain is almost entirely based on traditional cages. Egg packing inSpain is not very concentrated with the largest four producers estimated to account for 13% ofSpanish laying hen capacity and the largest four packers for just over 17% of eggs marketed. Thereare twelve egg processors in Spain with the largest four companies accounting for some 63% ofprocessed product output.A1.13.2. Egg productionEgg production in Spain was 1.071 million tonnes in 2003 125 (approximately 11.1 billion eggs) from alaying flock of 45.8 million birds. The main production system used is the traditional cage accountingfor 99% of the total laying flock and 94.4% of commercial holdings 126 in 2003. Of the 2,051commercial producers recorded by MAPA 115 were engaged in alternative forms of production andthese were estimated to hold some 456,000 hens. There is no reliable data for the position inprevious years. The main producing regions are Castilla la Mancha, Cataluna, Castilla y Leon andAndalucia. These four regions account for some two-thirds of total production.Table A1.108: Laying hens, by type of production system, 2003Production system Holdings % of holdings Hens % of hensOrganic 21 1,0 25,149 0.1Free range 36 1,8 193,101 0.4Barn/deep litter 58 2,8 237,312 0.5Cage 1,936 94.4 45,337,139 99.0Total 2,051 100 45.792,701 100Source: MAPA.The evolution in production can be seen in Figure A1.70 which shows total production from 1990 to2003. After generally being more or less stable throughout the 1990s production appears to risesharply after 2000 but this is largely <strong>report</strong>ed due to a re-basing of the statistics. Production125 Data sourced from DG Agri which records output at 1.114 mn tonnes in 2003. Taking out 43,000 tonnes of breeding eggs leaves 1.071mn tonnes available for consumption.126 The source for this data is MAPA but it has apparently been collected on a regional basis using different criteria for the size of holdingincluded.281
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