2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSThe processed sector utilises the entire Finnish production of second quality eggs 69 and supplementsthis with first quality to give a ratio of 65-70:35-30. Whilst there is generally no differentiationaccording to production system, Scanegg does have a dedicated organic processed product for whichthey both charge and receive a premium. It is generally difficult to ensure identity preservationwithout the need to halt production and this presents a barrier to differentiated processed products,especially in the case of liquid eggs. With this exception, second quality eggs from alternativesystems are bought without premium and are sold as undifferentiated egg products.A1.4.3.1. Main egg processorsThere are just two main egg processors in Finland. The largest is Scanegg, a subsidiary of Munakunta(there are also some other minor shareholders), the other is Farmimuna. Farmimuna also producesand packs eggs and has its own feed mill. The market for processed egg products in Finland in 2003was between 7.0 and 7.5 million kg (112 million to 120 million shell eggs 70 ), and of this total, Scaneggaccounted for 5.2 million kg (83.2 million eggs) 69% to 74% of the total market and Farmimunaaround 0.5 million kg (8.0 million eggs). The residual (about 1.4 million kg, 22.4 million eggs in 2003)was made up of imports.Finnish customers of the egg processing sector tend to use two suppliers in order both to mitigateagainst supply problems and to exert downward pressure on price.Box A1.12: Profile of ScaneggScanegg is the largest processor of eggs in Finland accounting for almost three quarters of Finnishprocessed egg productionOwnership: the majority owner is Munakunta (65%) and thus ultimately Scanegg is mainly cooperativelyowned by producers. Munakuutoset Oy owns 20%, Ōsterbottens Äggcentrallag 5%and a Danish holding company 10%Subsidiary: Eesti Munatooted, Estonia, 50% ownershipTurnover: €8 million in 2003Profit: €150,000Employment: 34 staffMain markets: domestic 80% to 90%, some exports to Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia andoccasionally Denmark and the NetherlandsMain product: plain liquid eggA1.4.3.2. Processor concentrationThe processing sector in Finland is extremely concentrated with only two main producers, one ofwhich (Scanegg) has almost 75% of market share. Farmimuna was founded approximately five yearsago and prior to that Scanegg was the only significant producer.69 Approximately 6% to 8% of egg production is second quality.70 At a conversion rate of 62.5 grams per egg.154
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSA1.4.3.3. Trade in egg productsThe Finnish egg processing sector mainly serves the domestic market, but there are some exports toSweden, Lithuania, Estonia and sometimes to Denmark and the Netherlands. These typically accountfor between 10% and 20% of total production. The export market is to order rather than as amarket balancing exercise and as a result exported products are drawn mainly from first quality eggs.The only real surplus disposal market is frozen egg whites to Estonia.Imports are currently limited and are confined to processed products from Belgium and occasionallyGermany. There are currently no imports from third countries and importing liquid products fromthird countries is considered to be very unlikely for reasons of transport cost and shelf life. Theimport of frozen products is, however, considered possible, as is that of dried products. The marketis very much price driven (assuming quality and shelf-life are comparable) and there is therefore noreason why imports would not be used as long as the price was competitive and the logistics of thesupply chain could be guaranteed.A1.4.4. Egg marketsA1.4.4.1. Primary demandConsumption of eggs in Finland was 51 million kg 71 in 2003. Some 35 million kg of shell eggs weresold through the retail sector, 30.8 million kg in boxes, the balance from open trays. The processingsector accounted for 6.6 million kg and the catering sector for 5.9 million kg. Approximately 3.5million kg were sold direct from farms/were used on farm. The remaining shell eggs (around 8million kg) are exported.All eggs produced in deep litter systems are sold as shell eggs through the retail sector with a pricepremium of around 50% over eggs from caged hens.Processed eggs are destined for the catering, bakery and food industry markets, although it was notpossible to determine the market share between these outlets. All processed eggs are for humanconsumption purposes.Scanegg operate an identity preserved organic frozen whole egg line which uses second qualityorganic eggs plus some outgraded first quality eggs. A premium is paid for these eggs and this ispassed on to the consumer.A1.4.4.2. PricesRetail and producer prices are presented in Figure A1.18 using data from TNS-Gallup. Pricesdecreased sharply after accession to the EU in 1995, as did the margin between retail and producerprice, although this has subsequently recovered.71 Approximately 816 million eggs at 62.5 grams per egg.155
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