2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENS(incorporating ABCD and PEP) with a capacity of some 30,000 t. These four groups account for some72% of French production.A1.5.4.1. Processor concentrationThe French processing sector is highly concentrated with just four processors accounting for 72% ofoutput. Taking the average size of the next 4 enterprises to be an average of 8,500 tonnes per yearthe eight-firm concentration ratio would amount to 87%. 77A1.5.4.2. Trade in egg productsTrade in eggs and egg products accounts for a small proportion of French production. For the pastten years France has been a net importer of shell eggs and a net exporter of egg products. Afterregistering a net surplus for five years in aggregate the egg sector had a 5,900 tonnes shell eggequivalent deficit in 2002.Since 1996 shell egg external trade has recorded net deficits due to an increase in imports (+5%since 1996) and smaller growth in exports (+0.9% since 1996). In 2002, there was a record deficit of38,706 t. The trade within the EU is presented in Table A1.34. Exports are mainly to the Germanmarket, while imports come mainly from Spain.Table A1.34: French trade of fresh eggs (fresh egg equivalent)Value (thousand Euro) 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 9 month evolution 2003Import 35692 24226 46769 41805 50639 23%Export 35653 36576 44269 39201 42383 20%Balance -39.0 12.350 -2.500 -2.604 -8.256Volume (t) Imports 39696 37524 59066 58385 74666 11%Origin (%)EU-15 99.6 98.4 99.0% 99.0% 98.4% 11%Spain 0.4 18.7 24.5% 48.8% 51.0% 39%Netherlands 44.6 22.7 41.8% 16.9% 15.4% -53%Germany 6.5 21.2 20.6% 13.2% 13.7% -49%Belgium/Luxembourg 46.3 25.0 6.7% 9.3% 10.0% 32%ITALY 0.0% 3.5% 1.2% 5.1% 5.1% 2,1%*Exports 31459 37799 37417 36447 35959 17%DestinationEU-15 86.5 83.4 85.4% 85.4% 88.7% 14%Germany 11.9 45.3 33.1% 37.2% 28.6% 42%United Kingdom 19.0% 4.9% 12.7% 19.1% 24.4% =Belgium/Luxembourg 4 20.1 15.0% 19.6% 21.8% 10%Switzerland 11.8 12.6 14.3% 14.3% 11.1% 44%Trade balance -8237 275 -21649 -21938 -38707Source: ITAVI77 Based on estimate that there are between 2-9 processors producing between 5,000-12,000 tonnes of liquid egg equivalent per year174
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSBy contrast the processed egg product sector trade has been growing both in volume and in valuefor the past decade. Since 1994, the egg product trade has had a net surplus due to the doubling ofexports, from 32, 000 shell equivalent tonnes in 1992 to 77,500 shell equivalent tonnes in 2002, whileimports remained fairly constant.In 2002, there were record egg products exports, both in volume and value, which increasedrespectively 5,300 tonnes and € 5.1 million, in respect to 2001. Egg product exports increased 4.4%in value and 11% in volume due to the increase in liquid of French egg products.A1.5.5. Egg marketsEgg marketing in France primarily takes place via one of three major branded marketing groups whichaccount for 80% of national egg output. Direct sales by producers are very limited so the balance ofsales is accounted for by producer co-operatives.The branded marketing groups pack and marketing under their own brands. Usually producersestablish 5-year contracts with these independent groups, negotiating the price annually.A1.5.5.1. Primary demandOverall domestic consumption of eggs came to 935,000 tonnes in 2003. As is indicated above some30% of eggs are utilised by processors. The balance is made up as follows: 10% producers’ ownconsumption; 20% into the food service sector and 40% sold by retailers. For fresh eggs as is evidentfrom Table A1.35, there has been an increase in the demand for eggs from alternative systems overthe past four years. Demand has risen from 10.9% in 2000 to 14.3% in 2003. At the same time therehas been a reduction in the demand for eggs from caged production and a slight increase in theprocessed egg product demand.Table A1.35: Demand for shell eggs by sector (%) 2000-2003OrganicConsumption of fresh eggsPlein airintensiveDeep(SolEggs DestinationCage eggsIndustry usageEggs soldotherProcessedHardboiledeggs2000 3.06% 6.95% 0.90% 64.76% 7.70% 14.79% 1.84% 100.00%2001 3.36% 7.97% 0.87% 63.30% 8.55% 14.41% 1.54% 100.00%2002 3.22% 8.06% 1.17% 63.25% 8.48% 14.38% 1.43% 100.00%2003 3.50% 9.14% 1.64% 60.25% 10.73% 13.14% 1.60% 100.00%Note: Figures not precisely equivalent to Table A1.33 due to differing calculation basisSource: AGRESTETotalMore generally as is shown in Figure A1.28 below, although alternatively produced eggs now accountfor some 34% of fresh egg (as opposed to total egg) sales, according to a study by ITAVI 78 the main78 Impact des systèmes de d´élevage des poules pondeuses sur la demande des consommateurs finaux, des distributeurs et des industriels”– ITAVI, February 2001.175
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