2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSA1.9.2.5. Production costsItalian variable production costs are presented in Table A1.62 and fixed costs in Table A1.63. Allcost items are lowest in traditional caged systems and highest in the semi-intensive system. Thisresults in total variable costs in the barn system being 17% higher than in caged systems with semiintensivevariable costs 21% higher than caged.In all cases fixed costs are lowest in traditional cages and highest in the semi-intensive system. Thefixed costs associated with the barn system are 42% higher than those in the caged system with fixedcosts in the semi-intensive system double that of caged.Table A1.62: Variable (running) costs of production (per kg eggs) (prices in € cents)2003Traditional cages Barn Semi-intensiveFeed cost 53.62 62.84 65.47Medication/vetMiscellaneousBird depreciation/live pullets 15.50 18.17 18.51Total variable costs 69.12 81.01 83.98Source: National Union of Aviculture and Agra CEAS Consulting calculations.Table A1.63: Capital (fixed) costs (per kg eggs) (prices in € cents) 2003Traditional cage Barn Semi-intensiveLabour 1.68 4.20 4.20Buildings 1.91 4.00 4.09Equipment 3.82 8.00 8.18Land 0.96Manure disposal 0.80 0.80 0.80Insurance 0.13 0.13 2.00Utilities 8.66 9.30 15.36Cleaning 12.13 15.06 23.86Total fixed costs 29.14 41.50 59.44Note: 1 Petrol and vehicle cost.Source: National Union of Aviculture and Agra CEAS Consulting calculations.A1.9.2.6. Gross marginsTable A1.64 adds revenue to the variable cost data above to present producer gross margins. Thehigher returns from the barn system are not sufficient to adequately cover the higher variable costleading to a lower gross margin compared to the caged system. This is not so for the semi-intensivesystem where higher returns do result in a higher gross margin compared to caged systems despitethe higher variable costs.226
APPENDIX 1: MEMBER STATE REPORTSTable A1.64: Egg producer gross margin (€ cents per kg) 2003Traditional cages Barn Semi-intensiveEgg returns 79.45 87.71 96.78Revenue from spent hens 2.67 2.75 2.76Output (per year) 82.11 90.46 99.54Total variable costs 69.12 81.01 83.98Gross margin 12.99 9.45 15.56Source: National Union of Aviculture.A1.9.3. Egg processingThere are only 52 companies processing eggs in Italy and these are integrated with the productionand packing base. Many companies own several processing plants, so the industry is fairlyconcentrated. The Italian processing sector is large and utilises 46% of commercial egg production(37% of total production, i.e. including backyard flocks), in addition to annual imports of around 103million eggs. Processed eggs are overwhelmingly destined for the food manufacturing sector,particularly pasta. Major global food companies served by the Italian processing sector includeBarilla, Ferrero, Unilever, Nestlé, Plasmon and Bauli.A1.9.3.1. Main egg processorsThe Italian egg sector is fully integrated and the main egg processors are therefore the same as thelarge packers listed in Section A1.9.2.1.A1.9.3.2. Processor concentrationThe top eight processors are the same as the packers presented in Section A1.9.2.2 (although one ofthese companies, Fattorie Guglielmi, does not process eggs and has been omitted). The processingsector is more concentrated than the egg packing sector with a 4-firm concentration ratio of 61%(compared to 50%). The 8-firm concentration ratio is higher than the 66% in the packing sector,although data are only available for the top 7 firms and this shows a 68% concentration ratio.Table A1.65: Main egg processors in Italy (output in shell egg equivalents)Rank Company Processed output1 Eurovo 1,500,000,0002 Azienda Agricola Parmovo 1,000,000,000 (estimate)3 Aia 400,000,0004 Uovador 250,000,0005 Cascina Italia 126,000,0006 La Fattoria Novelli 120,000,000 (estimate)7 Agroalimentare F.Lli Monaldi 75,000,000Source: Industry estimates.Total processed production 5,134,000,000227
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