2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSA1.2.2.4. Production costsTypical variable costs of production are presented in Table A1.9 and fixed costs in Table A1.10.Based on the technical factors presented in Section A1.2.2.3 there is an additional cost for feed in thebarn and enriched cage system. Other key points to note are that while variable costs were found tobe highest in the enriched cage system fixed costs were considerably lower (due to the different sizeof units). Given that the price obtained for barn eggs is higher than that for eggs from cagedproduction these numbers suggest the enriched cage provides the lowest gross margin of the threesystems studied 43 .Table A1.9: Variable costs of production 2003 (€ per kg)Traditional cages Enriched cage BarnFeed cost 40.57 41.19 38.93Medication/vet 0.20 0.30 0.20MiscellaneousBird depreciation/live pullets 16.26 15.97 15.72Total variable costs 57.03 57.46 54.84Source: Industry estimates.Table A1.10: Capital (fixed) costs 2003 (€ per kg)Traditional cages Enriched cages BarnLabour 3.73 3.58 12.75Buildings 2.98 3.47 6.49Equipment 5.44 6.97 9.38LandManure disposal 2.01 2.01 2.17Insurance 0.20 0.25 0.38Utilities 2.15 1.95 2.47Cleaning 1.71 1.71 5.47Miscellaneous 4.07 4.58 4.79Total fixed costs 22.30 24.52 43.89Source: Industry estimates.A1.2.2.5. Gross marginsBuilding on the cost data in Section A1.2.2.4, Table A1.11 presents revenue figures and from thiscalculates producer gross margin. It should be stressed that the prices obtained in 2003 were higherthan normal for caged eggs reflecting a tightening of supply.43 At the time of writing still awaiting confirmation of Belgian price on barn eggs.120
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSTable A1.11: Egg producer gross margin 2003 (€ per kg)Traditional cages Enriched cage BarnEgg returns 66.88 66.88 80.26Revenue from spent hens 0.24 0.22 0.23Output (per year) 67.12 67.10 80.48Total variable costs 57.03 57.46 54.84Gross margin 10.09 9.64 25.64Source: Industry estimatesA1.2.3. Egg processingEgg processing is a very significant segment of the egg market in Belgium with over 50% of the eggsbeing produced going into processing. There are five processing companies in Belgium.A1.2.3.1. Main egg processorsThe market for egg products in Belgium is equivalent to 365 million eggs. Roughly 159 million eggsare sourced domestically with the balance imported either as shell eggs for processing or processedproducts 44 . Around half of processed product output is then exported. Profiles of the majorprocessors are presented below.Box A1.2: Profile of Dion Vandewiele Ltd.Dion Vandewiele Ltd. is the largest egg processor in Belgium processing 35,000 tonnes of eggproducts annuallyOwnership: limited company. Turnover: million in 2003Profit: not availableEmployment: not availableMain markets: the domestic market accounts for just over half of turnover with the majority ofthe remainder being from the (enlarged) EU. Some products are also sold in the far eastMain products: extended shelf life (frozen and liquid) productsBox A1.3: Profile of Belovo S.A.Belovo S.A. Ltd. processes 10,000 tonnes of egg products annuallyOwnership: limited company. Turnover: million in 2003Profit: not availableEmployment: 115 (2000)Main markets: strongly export focusedMain products: egg powders and egg chemicals44 There are some exports and the import requirement shown here is net.121
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