2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSThe 2003 four and eight firm concentration ratios 5 in the egg packing sector are presented in Figure2.13. The most concentrated packing sectors are in France and Denmark where the CR-4 is 99.0%and 97.6% respectively. The sectors in Finland, Ireland, Sweden, the UK and Italy are all moreconcentrated than the EU-15 average, with least concentration evident in Greece, Spain and Portugal.In the vast majority of cases the packing sectors are more concentrated now than they were adecade ago as larger companies have acquired smaller ones and mergers have taken place. Finland isan example where concentration has decreased as some (now significant) players were establishedafter accession.100.0%90.0%80.0%70.0%Concentration ratio60.0%50.0%40.0%30.0%20.0%10.0%0.0%AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyNetherlandsPortugalSpainSwedenUKEU-15CR-4CR-8Figure 2.13: Four and eight firm packer concentration ratios by Member State, 2003, (%share of market held by respectively top 4 (CR-4) and top 8 (CR-8) companies)Notes: Data for top four companies concentration ratio (CR-4) in France refers the top 3 companies only as data for top 4and top 8 (CR-8) in France is not available. Data for CR-4 in Sweden refers to top five companies, CR-8 in Sweden is not available.Source: Industry estimates and Agra CEAS Consulting calculations.An indication of the significance of the processing sector is provided by the data in Table 2.1 whichshows the number of eggs broken for processing as a percentage of domestic egg production. Usingthis limited data suggests that up to 24% of eggs produced in the EU-15 are broken for processing (in5 A concentration ratio (CR) is a measure of the market share accounted for by a particular number of enterprises in a sector or subsector.Thus the term CR-4 indicates the market share held by the largest four enterprises the term CR-8 indicates the market share heldby the largest eight enterprises.16
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSreality this figure is lower as some eggs are imported from third countries for processing in the EU-15). It is estimated that in the 10 new Member States on average 10% of total egg output isprocessed 6 .Table 2.1: Eggs broken for processing as proportion of egg production 2002Total egg production (‘000tonnes)Eggs broken (‘000 tonnes)Proportion of eggs brokenfor processingAustria 88Belgium 200 40 20%Denmark 77 27 35%Finland 59 4 7%France 1,026 359 35%Germany 890 222 25%Greece 120 0%Ireland 37 6 16%Italy 963 337 35%Netherlands 650 162 25%Portugal 118 0%Spain 615 62 10%Sweden 103 21 20%UK 671 134 20%EU-15 5,617 1,374 24%Note: Figures for eggs broken for processing and total production may not match data from other sources.Source: EPEGA.Figure 2.14 presents processor concentration ratios for four and eight firms. The processing sectoris much more concentrated than the packing sector with many Member States (Sweden, Finland,Denmark, Portugal, Greece, Austria, Belgium and Ireland) having fewer than four processors. All EU-15 Member States do, however, have at least one processing facility. Where processors are limitedin number they tend to focus on breaking second quality eggs, mainly for the domestic market, andusually liquid products only. Often these liquid products include blends and mixes in order tocapture greater value-added. The drying sector is being increasingly concentrated and many smallerscale processors have stopped this activity in the face of competition. For example, even in the UK,which is a reasonably large sector, there are no longer any drying facilities.6Impact de l’elargissement de l’UE en 10 nouveaux Etats Membres, Ofival, 2004.17
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