2120 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSA1.2. BelgiumA1.2.1. OverviewBelgium typically produces around 240,000 tonnes of eggs annually, three quarters of which arepacked by 10 central packers. Most of the remainder are packed on farm for smaller retail outletswith a very small proportion sold direct. There are around 450 commercial producers with a layingflock of some 13 million birds. Commercial flocks are typically around 35,000-40,000 birds for cagedsystems and less for alternatives. Belgium is a net exporter importing 66,000 tonnes and exporting99,000 tonnes in 2003. There are five processing companies in Belgium.A1.2.2. Egg productionAnnual Belgian production in 2001 was 205,000 tonnes from a laying flock of 9,940,475 42 birds. Thepredominant mode of production is in traditional caged systems which accounted for 95.5% of thenumber of laying hens in 2001. The bulk of Belgian egg production is in Flanders in the northern halfof the country.Overall Belgian egg production rose from 200,400 (3.134 bn eggs) in 1991 to a level of 236,000tonnes (3.729 bn eggs) in 2001 but fell back to 205,000 tonnes (3.239 bn eggs) in 2003 due to avianflu.Table A1.5: Belgium egg production, 1990-2003Year Production '000t No of eggs (bn) 21990 186 2.9431991 20 3.1341992 210 3.1811993 210 3.3391994 244 3.8131995 245 3.8331996 241 3.5561997 252 3.9771998 263 4.1471999 251 3.9622000 216 3.4072001 236 3.7292002 225 3.5552003 205 3.239Source: Eurostat, ZMP and <strong>Agra</strong> Ceas EstimatesThere has also been significant concentration in the production sector as illustrated in Figure A1.3which presents the evolution which shows the evolution of the proportion of laying hens by flock42 The May 2003 census records a total of 12,965,814 laying hens and pullets of which 9,940,475 were laying hens (8,469,512 hens forconsumption eggs and 1,470, 963 for eggs for breeding)116
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS TO KEEP LAYING HENSsize. In 1990 there were 12,910 producers, of which just over 90% had a flock size of less than 100laying hens. The largest 90 producers with flocks of over 30,000 hens accounted for just under 40%of the national flock in 1990 compared to the 190 producers in this size category in 2000 whoaccounted for some 65% of the flock. The level of concentration by 2000 is even more striking sinceover 90% of the flock was held by 420 producers with more than 10,000 hens. Overall by 2000 thetotal number of producers with laying hens had fallen to 5,460 and the average number of laying hensheld increased from 9,605 in 1990 to 18,047 over the same period although if the average ofcommercial producers were taken the average is estimated to lie between 35,000 and 40,000 hens.By 2003 there were 4,507 holdings recorded as producing eggs for consumption. The largestindividual producer was estimated to hold 200,000 hens and there are an estimated 7-8 furtherproducers with a flock in excess of 100,000 hens. Three hatcheries control the bulk of pulletproduction. These are van der Berghe, van der Moonen and de Biest.100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%1 to 99 100 to 2999 3000 to 9999 10000-29999 over 29999Figure A1.3: Belgium, Evolution of share of total flock in holdings by flock sizecategories (no of laying hens) 1990-2000Source: DG Agri.1990 1995 1997 2000Most large scale producers tend to be specialist egg producers in that the egg enterprise is the mostsignificant economically and the sector estimates that while 30% of holdings are on mixed farms over85% of the flock is on specialised units. It is estimated that half the producers are private farmerswho will have a contract with a feed company to provide feed and take the eggs. The feed companywill then have a contact with the packers who will either buy on a fixed price contact for a year oron the spot price. Some 30% of producers are totally integrated and the remaining 20% are partiallyintegrated.117
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