Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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Simple bioreactors for mass propagation 93 Takayama S (1991) Mass propagation of plants through shake and bioreactor culture techniques. In: Bajaj Y P S (ed) Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: High-Tech and Micropropagation, Vol. 17 (pp. 1-46). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Takayama S & Akita M (1998) Bioreactor techniques for large-scale culture of plant propagules. Adv. Hort Sci, 12: 93-100 Tautorus TE & Dunstan DI (1995) Scale-up of embryogenic plant suspension cultures in bioreactors. In: Jain M, Gupta PK & Newton RJ (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, Vol. 1 (pp. 265-269). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht Teisson C & Alvard D (1995) A new concept of plant in vitro cultivation liquid medium: temporary immersion. In: Terzi M et al. (eds) Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (pp. 105-110). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht Teisson C, Alvard D, Berthouly B, Cote F, Escalant JV, Etienne H & Lartaud M (1996) Simple apparatus to perform plant tissue culture by temporary immersion. Acta Hort. 40: 521-526 Vishnevetsky J, Zamski E & Ziv M (2000) Carbohydrate metabolism in Nerine sarniensis bulbs developing in liquid culture. Physiol. Plant. 108(4): 361-369 Young PS, Murthy HN & Yoeup PK (2000) Mass multiplication of protocorm-like using bioreactor system and subsequent plant regeneration in Phalaenopsis. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 63: 67-72 Yu WC, Joyce PJ, Cameron DC & McCown BH (2000) Sucrose utilization during potato microtuber growth in bioreactors. Plant Cell Rep. 19: 407-413 Ziv M (1990) Morphogenesis of gladiolus buds in bioreactors - implication for scaled-up propagation of geophytes. In: Nijkamp HJJ, van der Plas LHW & van Aatrijk J (eds) Progress in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology (pp. 119-124). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht Ziv M (1991) Vitrification: Morphological and physiological disorders of in vitro plants. In: Debergh PG & Zimmerman RH (eds) Micropropagation: Technology and Application (pp. 45-69). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht Ziv M (1992) The use of growth retardants for the regulation and acclimatization of in vitro plants. In: Karssen CM, Van Loon LC, Vreugdenhil D (eds) Progress in Plant Growth Regulation (pp. 809-817). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht Ziv M (1995a) In vitro acclimatization. In: Aitken-Christie J, Kozai T & Smith MAL (eds) Automation and Environmental Control in Plant Tissue Culture (pp. 493-516). Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht Ziv M (1995b) The control of bioreactor environment for plant propagation in liquid culture. Acta Hort. 319: 25-38 Ziv M (2000) Bioreactor technology for plant micropropagation. Horticultural Reviews 24: 1-30 Ziv M & Ariel T (1991) Bud proliferation and plant regeneration in liquid-cultured philodendron treated with ancymidol and paclobutrazol. J. Plant Growth Regul. 10: 53-57 Ziv M & Hadar A (1991) Morphogenic pattern of Nephrolepsis exaltata Bostoniensis in agargelled or liquid culture. Implication for mass propagation. Israel. J. Bot. 40: 7-16 Ziv M & Shemesh D (1996) Propagation and tuberiation of potato bud clusters from bioreactor culture. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 32: 31-36 Ziv M, Ronen G & Raviv M (1998) Proliferation of meristematic clusters in disposable presterilized plastic bioreactors for large-scale micropropagation of plants. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant 34: 152-158
Chapter 6 Application of bioreactor systems for large scale production of horticultural and medicinal plants K. Y. Paek, Debasis Chakrabarty & E. J. Hahn Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea Abstract: Automation of micropropagation via organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis in a bioreactor has been advanced as a possible way of reducing costs. Micropropagation by conventional techniques is typically a labour-intensive means of clonal propagation. The paper describes lower cost and less labour-intensive clonal propagation through the use of modified air-lift, bubble column, bioreactors (a balloon-type bubble bioreactor), together with temporary immersion systems for the propagation of shoots, bud-clusters and somatic embryos. Propagation of Anoectochilus, apple, Chrysanthemum, garlic, ginseng, grape, Lilium, Phalaenopsis and potato is described. In this chapter, features of bioreactors and bioreactor process design specifically for automated mass propagation of several plant crops are described, and recent research aimed at maximizing automation of the bioreactor production process is highlighted. Key words: Anoectochilus, apple, automated masspropagation, Chrysanthemum, dissolved oxygen, garlic, ginseng, grape, Lilium, micropropagation, mixing, nutrients, pH, Phalaenopsis, potato, secondary metabolites, siberian ginseng, somatic embryogenesis Abbreviations: BTBB�balloon type bubble bioreactor; DO�dissolved oxygen; IEDC�induced embryogenic determined cells; PLB�protocorm-like body; PPF�photosynthetic photon flux; STR�stirred tank reactor 1. Introduction Large-scale plant production through cell tissue and embryo cultures using bioreactors is promising for industrial plant propagation. Bioreactors are usually described in a biochemical context as self-contained, sterile environments which capitalize on liquid nutrient or liquid/air inflow and outflow systems, designed for intensive culture and affording maximal A.K. Hvoslef-Eide and W. Preil (eds.), Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation, 95–116. © 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 95
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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