Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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Temporary immersion system: a new concept 195 Smith DR (1985) Pinus radiata. In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Trees. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol 1 (pp. 274-291). Springer Verlag, Berlin Smith MAL & Spomer LA (1995) Vessels, gels, liquid media and support systems. In: Aitken-Christie J, Kozai T & Smith MAL (eds) Automation and Environmental Control in plant tissue culture (pp. 371-405). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Söndhal SP, Nakamicra F, Medince Filho MP, Carvalho A, Fazuoli LC & Caslo WM (1989) Coffee Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Vol III, Chap. 21 Stevenson JH & Harris RE (1980) In vitro plantlet formation from shoot tip explants of Fuchsia hybrida cv. Swingtime. Can. J. Bot. 58: 2190-2192 Teisson C & Alvard D (1995) A new concept of plant in vitro cultivation liquid medium: temporary immersion. In: Terzi M et al. (eds) Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (pp. 105-110). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Teisson C & Alvard D (1999) In vitro production of potato microtubers in liquid medium using temporay immersion. Potato research 42: 499-504 Teisson C, Alvard D, Lartaud M, Etienne H, Berthouly M, Escalona M & Lorenzo JC (1999) Temporary immersion for plant tissue culture. In: Plant Biotechnology and In vitro Biology in the 21 st Century, Proceedings of the IXth International Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Section H: Novel micropropagation methods (pp. 629-632). Jerusalem Tisserat B, Jones D & Galletta PD (1993) Construction and use of an inexpensive in vitro ultrasonic misting system. Hort.Technology 3: 75-79 Tisserat B & Vandercook CE (1985) Development of an automated plant culture system. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 5: 107-117 Wardle K, Dobbs EB & Short KC (1983) In vitro acclimatization of aseptically cultured plantlets to humidity. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108: 386-389 Wataad A, Raghothana KG, Kochba M, Nissim A & Caba V (1997) Micropropagation of Spathiphyllum and Syngonium is facilited by use of interfacial membrane rafts. HortScience 32: 307-308 Weathers PJ, Cheetham RD & Giles KL (1988) Dramatic increases in shoot number and lengths for Musa, Cordyline and Nephrolepsis using nutrient mists. Acta Hort. 230: 39-44 Weathers PJ & Giles KL (1988) Regeneration of plants using nutrient mist culture. In vitro Cellular and Development Biology 24: 727-732 Zamarripa A, Ducos JP, Tessereau H, Bollon H, Eskes AB & Petiard V (1991) Developpement d’un procédé de multiplication de masse en masse du caféier par embryogenèse somatique en milieu liquide. In: ASIC Publishers (eds) 14th International Scientific Colloquium on Coffee, San Francisco, US (pp. 392-402). Vevey, Switzerland Ziv M, Meir G & Halevy AH (1983) Factors influencing the production of hardened glaucous carnation plantlets in vitro. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 2: 55-65
Chapter 12 Mass propagation of tropical crops in temporary immersion systems Elio Jiménez González Institute of Plant Biotechnology. Central University of Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuaní Km 5 ½. Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Cuba. E-mail: ejimenez@ibp.uclv.edu.cu Abstract: Temporary immersion systems (TIS) have been described for in vitro multiplication of a wide range of tropical crops. Laboratory protocols are available for shoot multiplication, somatic embryo and microtuber production. Seven species are now commercially propagated by this culture technique (Ananas comosus, Coffea arabica, Cymbopogon citratus, Musa sp., Phalaenopsis, Saccharum sp., Solanum tuberosum) with different regeneration pathways and a variety of TIS designs. Beside the development of methods for producing somatic embryos in TIS, shoot multiplication protocols are the most applied from the commercial point of view. RITA® proved to be a suitable tool for research and laboratory scale, but for commercial application larger vessels are frequently used. Most important tropical species are commercially propagated in TIS using twin flasks ranging from 5-10 litres. Production strategies for plant propagation in TIS, either by organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis are discussed and examples are given to illustrate the different possibilities for TIS integration in propagation of Musa sp. and Solanum tuberosum for shoot multiplication and microtuber production. For sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) somatic embryo production in bioreactors, embryo germination in TIS and field performance of regenerated plants are described. Key words: automation, liquid medium, shoot multiplication, somatic embryos, microtubers Abbreviations: ANC - ancymidol; ARTI - Agricultural Research and Training Institute (Lyamungu, Tanzania); 6-BAP – 6-benzylaminopurine; CATIE – Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación Enseñanza (Cali, Colombia); CIAT - Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical; CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Montpellier, France); CLAYUCA – Consorcio Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Apoyo a la Investigación y Desarrollo de la Yuca; PBZ - paclobutrazol; DO2 – dissolved oxygen; INIVIT – Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales; PROMECAFE – Programa Cooperativo Regional para el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Modernización de la Caficultura de Centroamérica 197 A.K. Hvoslef-Eide and W. Preil (eds.), Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation, 197–211. © 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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Page 154 and 155: Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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Page 166 and 167: Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Page 206 and 207: 198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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