Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liquid cell cultures 549 Table 1: Lower, medium and higher values of concentration (in g l -1 ) used for the different parameters studied in the statistical design of Plackett-Burman Lower values Medium values Higher values KH2PO4 0.34 1.7 3.4 KNO 3 4 19 38 NH 4NO 3 3.3 16.5 33 FeNaEDTA 0.81 4 20 Sucrose 6 30 90 experiments is to confront all interactions with main effects. Table 1 indicates the values (lower and higher than normal) used for the experiments. This method allows the evaluation of the random error variability (confident limits), and the statistical significance of the measured growth rates and ginsenoside contents (mi). To evaluate the weight of the biomass at the end of the assay, the culture was filtered through inox filter (2.5 µm pore diameter) and the biomass was lyophilised. Ginsenosides were analysed in the dry lyophilised plant material and in the culture medium. Dry biomass was dissolved in methanol (70%). Culture medium was mixed (1:1) with methanol. All samples were boiled during one hour. After centrifugation, the samples were applied to a sep-pak C18 cartridge. The ginsenosides were eluted with methanol (4 ml). The solvent was evaporated to dryness under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in 250µl methanol. The samples were analysed by HPTLC (Camag automatic TLC sampler and a Desaga CD60 scanner). 5 µl of sample or standard (the standards, ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1 and Rf, were provided by the company Extrasynthese, France) were loaded on HPTLC silica gel 60 (Merck 13748) plates. The plates were developed in a mixture of chloroform/ isobutanol/ethanol/H2O (20/40/15/20). All results (except those of the Plackett-Burman design) are the means of measurements in at least three independent experiments. 3. Results The accumulation of biomass was monitored during four weeks after inoculation of 0.3 to 10 g of minced callus in liquid MS/2 medium. A 200% increase in four weeks was observed with the lowest inoculum size (0.3 g). The rate of biomass accumulation was lower and lower with increasing volume of inoculum. Inoculation of 10 g of callus led to an increase in biomass of only 4% (Figure 1).
550 C. Kevers et al. Fresh weight increase (%) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Weeks Figure 1: Fresh weight increase of ginseng cells in liquid cultures inoculated with different amounts of callus (0.3 to 10 g in 50 ml of medium). Ginsenoside content of cells (mg.g -1 DW cell) 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 g 0.6 g 1.25 g 2.5 g 5 g 10 g 0 1 2 3 4 5 Weeks 0.3 g 0.6 g 1.25 g 2.5 g 5 g 10 g Figure 2: Changes in the ginsenoside content of ginseng cells in liquid cultures inoculated with different amounts of callus (0.3 to 10 g in 50 ml of medium).
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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Page 520 and 521: 526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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Page 526 and 527: 532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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Page 532 and 533: Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
Page 534 and 535: Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
Page 540 and 541: Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
Page 544 and 545: Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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Page 552 and 553: 560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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Page 560 and 561: Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
Page 562 and 563: Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
Page 564 and 565: Production of taxanes 573 various T
Page 566 and 567: Acknowledgments The editors thank t
Page 568 and 569: 578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
Page 570 and 571: 580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
Page 572 and 573: 582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
Page 574 and 575: 584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
Page 576 and 577: 586 Contents plant growth regulator
Page 578: 588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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